fray Who acts: cloth frays, edge, nerves, fray, you, Tempers · What happens: come, start, wear out, become, get, be · To what, where: edge, fight, fray, edges, frayed electric cable, second half · Speech: someone speaks here
«fray» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fray in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 If cloth or rope frays, its threads come loose at the edge and it starts to wear out.
The tree, 18 words mark compound cc conj nsubj punct nmod:poss nsubj advmod case det obl cc nsubj conj mark xcomp compound:prt punct root If SCONJ cloth NOUN or CCONJ rope NOUN frays NOUN , PUNCT its PRON threads NOUN come VERB loose ADV at ADP the DET edge NOUN and CCONJ it PRON starts VERB to PART wear VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 5 frays mark 2 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 5 frays compound 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 rope cc 4 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 2 cloth conj 5 frays fray NOUN Number=Plur 9 come nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 frays punct 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 threads nmod:poss 8 threads thread NOUN Number=Plur 9 come nsubj 9 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 loose loose ADV _ 9 come advmod 11 at at ADP _ 13 edge case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 edge det 13 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 9 come obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 starts cc 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 starts nsubj 16 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 come conj 17 to to PART _ 18 wear mark 18 wear wear VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 starts xcomp 19 out out ADP _ 18 wear compound:prt 20 . . PUNCT _ 9 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present cloth frays the edge loose property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at edge=Location 2 start present edge vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 wear out to-infinitive edge not said here vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 If someone's nerves or temper fray, they become tense and start to get annoyed.
The tree, 15 words mark nmod:poss case nmod:poss cc conj advcl punct nsubj xcomp cc conj mark xcomp xcomp punct root If SCONJ someone PRON 's PART nerves NOUN or CCONJ temper NOUN fray NOUN , PUNCT they PRON become VERB tense ADJ and CCONJ start VERB to PART get VERB annoyed ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 7 fray mark 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 nerves nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 someone case 4 nerves nerve NOUN Number=Plur 7 fray nmod:poss 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 temper cc 6 temper temper NOUN Number=Sing 4 nerves conj 7 fray fray NOUN Number=Sing 10 become advcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 fray punct 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 become nsubj 10 become become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 tense tense ADJ Degree=Pos 10 become xcomp 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 start cc 13 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 become conj 14 to to PART _ 15 get mark 15 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 start xcomp 16 annoyed annoyed ADJ Degree=Pos 15 get xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present nerves = nerve tense property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 start infinitive nerves = nerve not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 get to-infinitive nerves = nerve not said here annoyed property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 The fray is a fight, argument or competition: «join the fray», «enter the fray».
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det punct conj cc conj punct punct parataxis det obj punct punct punct conj det obj punct punct root The DET fray NOUN is AUX a DET fight NOUN , PUNCT argument NOUN or CCONJ competition NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT join VERB the DET fray NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT enter VERB the DET fray NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fray det 2 fray fray NOUN Number=Sing 5 fight nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fight cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fight det 5 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 argument punct 7 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 5 fight conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 competition cc 9 competition competition NOUN Number=Sing 7 argument conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 join punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 join punct 12 join join VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 fight parataxis 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 fray det 14 fray fray NOUN Number=Sing 12 join obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 join punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 enter punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 enter punct 18 enter enter VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 12 join conj 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 fray det 20 fray fray NOUN Number=Sing 18 enter obj 21 » » PUNCT _ 12 join punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 fight punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the fray a fight and argument or competition tree rules 2 join in a quote infinitive the fray vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fray=Patient 3 enter in a quote infinitive the fray vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fray=Destination
Example 1 The edges of my jeans have started to fray.
det nsubj:pass case nmod:poss nmod aux mark xcomp punct root The DET edges NOUN of ADP my PRON jeans NOUN have AUX started VERB to PART fray VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 edges det 2 edges edge NOUN Number=Plur 7 started nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 5 jeans case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 jeans nmod:poss 5 jeans jeans NOUN Number=Ptan 2 edges nmod 6 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 started aux 7 started start VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 to to PART _ 9 fray mark 9 fray fray VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 started xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present · perfect · passive the edges of my jeans tree rules 2 fray to-infinitive vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 Never use a frayed electric cable.
advmod det amod amod obj punct root Never ADV use VERB a DET frayed VERB electric ADJ cable NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 use advmod 2 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cable det 4 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 cable amod 5 electric electric ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cable amod 6 cable cable NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use imperative you not said here a frayed electric cable vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cable=Patient 2 fray participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Tempers frayed as the long car journey went on.
nsubj mark det amod compound nsubj advcl advmod punct root Tempers NOUN frayed VERB as SCONJ the DET long ADJ car NOUN journey NOUN went VERB on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tempers temper NOUN Number=Plur 2 frayed nsubj 2 frayed fray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as SCONJ _ 8 went mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 journey det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 journey amod 6 car car NOUN Number=Sing 7 journey compound 7 journey journey NOUN Number=Sing 8 went nsubj 8 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 frayed advcl 9 on on ADV _ 8 went advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray past Tempers vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 go on past the long car journey vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Another team entered the fray in the second half.
det nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root Another DET team NOUN entered VERB the DET fray NOUN in ADP the DET second ADJ half NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Another another DET PronType=Ind 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 entered nsubj 3 entered enter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 fray det 5 fray fray NOUN Number=Sing 3 entered obj 6 in in ADP _ 9 half case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 half det 8 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 9 half amod 9 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 3 entered obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 entered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 enter past another team the fray the second half vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fray=Destination
Example 5 The knight rode into the fray.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET knight NOUN rode VERB into ADP the DET fray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 fray case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 fray det 6 fray fray NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the knight the fray vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into fray=Trajectory
Example 6 Her nerves were frayed before the exam.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Her PRON nerves NOUN were AUX frayed VERB before ADP the DET exam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 nerves nmod:poss 2 nerves nerve NOUN Number=Plur 4 frayed nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 frayed aux:pass 4 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 before before ADP _ 7 exam case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 exam det 7 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 4 frayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray past · passive Her nerves before the exam vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 7 Then the ten thousand mighty lions joined the fray and tore in pieces man and horse.
The tree, 16 words advmod det compound nummod amod nsubj det obj cc conj case compound obl cc conj punct root Then ADV the DET ten NUM thousand NUM mighty ADJ lions NOUN joined VERB the DET fray NOUN and CCONJ tore NOUN in ADP pieces NOUN man NOUN and CCONJ horse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 7 joined advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 lions det 3 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 thousand compound 4 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 lions nummod 5 mighty mighty ADJ Degree=Pos 6 lions amod 6 lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 7 joined nsubj 7 joined join VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fray det 9 fray fray NOUN Number=Sing 7 joined obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 tore cc 11 tore tore NOUN Number=Sing 9 fray conj 12 in in ADP _ 14 man case 13 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 14 man compound 14 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 joined obl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 horse cc 16 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 14 man conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 joined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join past the thousand mighty lions the fray and tore then in pieces man and horse vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fray=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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