french Who acts: French, language, 14 pupils, She, French lesson, many pupils · What happens: be, speak, mean, learn, read, have · To what, where: language, Canada, France, people, French, 3 French books · Speech: someone speaks here
«french» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: french in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 French is the language of France; it is also spoken in Canada (Quebec), Belgium, Switzerland and many countries in Africa.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det case nmod punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl case obl punct appos punct punct conj punct conj cc amod conj case obl punct root French PROPN is AUX the DET language NOUN of ADP France PROPN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX also ADV spoken VERB in ADP Canada PROPN ( PUNCT Quebec PROPN ) PUNCT , PUNCT Belgium PROPN , PUNCT Switzerland PROPN and CCONJ many ADJ countries NOUN in ADP Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 French French PROPN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 France case 6 France France PROPN Number=Sing 4 language nmod 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 spoken punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 spoken nsubj:pass 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 spoken aux:pass 10 also also ADV _ 11 spoken advmod 11 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 12 in in ADP _ 13 Canada case 13 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 11 spoken obl 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 Quebec punct 15 Quebec Quebec PROPN Number=Sing 13 Canada appos 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 Quebec punct 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 Belgium punct 18 Belgium Belgium PROPN Number=Sing 13 Canada conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 Switzerland punct 20 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN Number=Sing 13 Canada conj 21 and and CCONJ _ 23 countries cc 22 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 23 countries amod 23 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 13 Canada conj 24 in in ADP _ 25 Africa case 25 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 11 spoken obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present French the language of France tree rules 2 speak speech: other present · passive the language not said here language Canada and Belgium and Switzerland and many countries in Africa tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 French means from France.
nsubj case obl punct root French PROPN means VERB from ADP France PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 French French PROPN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 4 France case 4 France France PROPN Number=Sing 2 means obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present French France vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
French bread, a French town.
amod punct det amod conj punct root French ADJ bread NOUN , PUNCT a DET French ADJ town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bread amod 2 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 town punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 town det 5 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 6 town amod 6 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 bread conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 bread punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 The French are the people of France.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct root The DET French ADJ are AUX the DET people NOUN of ADP France PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 French det 2 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 5 people nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 people cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 people det 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 France case 7 France France PROPN Number=Sing 5 people nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 people punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the French the people of France tree rules
Example 1 14 pupils learn French.
nummod nsubj obj punct root 14 NUM pupils NOUN learn VERB French PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 14 14 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 pupils nummod 2 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 3 learn nsubj 3 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 French French PROPN Number=Sing 3 learn obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present 14 pupils French vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic
Example 2 She read 3 French books.
nsubj nummod amod obj punct root She PRON read VERB 3 NUM French ADJ books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 books nummod 4 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 5 books amod 5 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 read obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past She 3 French books vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic
Example 3 The French lesson is 45 minutes.
det amod nsubj cop nummod punct root The DET French ADJ lesson NOUN is AUX 45 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lesson det 2 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lesson amod 3 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 6 minutes nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 minutes cop 5 45 45 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 minutes nummod 6 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 minutes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the French lesson 45 minutes tree rules
Example 4 How many pupils learn French or German?
advmod amod nsubj obj cc conj punct root How ADV many ADJ pupils NOUN learn VERB French ADJ or CCONJ German ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pupils amod 3 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 4 learn nsubj 4 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 4 learn obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 German cc 7 German German ADJ Degree=Pos 5 French conj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present many pupils French vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic
Example 5 «Bonjour» means hello in French.
punct nsubj punct obj case obl punct root « PUNCT Bonjour PROPN » PUNCT means VERB hello NOUN in ADP French PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Bonjour punct 2 Bonjour Bonjour PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Bonjour punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 hello hello NOUN Number=Sing 4 means obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 French case 7 French French PROPN Number=Sing 4 means obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Bonjour hello in French vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hello=Theme in french=Attribute
Example 6 Many people in Quebec speak French.
amod nsubj case nmod obj punct root Many ADJ people NOUN in ADP Quebec PROPN speak VERB French PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 speak nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Quebec case 4 Quebec Quebec PROPN Number=Sing 2 people nmod 5 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 French French PROPN Number=Sing 5 speak obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present Many people in Quebec French tree rules
Example 7 We had French toast for breakfast.
nsubj amod obj case nmod punct root We PRON had VERB French ADJ toast NOUN for ADP breakfast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 4 toast amod 4 toast toast NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 breakfast case 6 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 4 toast nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We French toast for breakfast vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toast=Patient
Example 8 Paris is the capital of France, where people speak French.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct advmod nsubj parataxis obj punct root Paris PROPN is AUX the DET capital NOUN of ADP France PROPN , PUNCT where ADV people NOUN speak VERB French PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paris Paris PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 capital cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 capital det 4 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 France case 6 France France PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 speak punct 8 where where ADV PronType=Rel 10 speak advmod 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 speak nsubj 10 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 capital parataxis 11 French French PROPN Number=Sing 10 speak obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 capital punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Paris the capital of France tree rules 2 speak speech: other present people French tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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