friction Who acts: Friction, force, two surfaces, shoes, you, Ice · What happens: be, slow down, stop, rub, slide, mean · To what, where: force, things, each, disagreement, shoes, floor
«friction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: friction in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Friction is a force that slows things down or stops them when two surfaces rub or slide against each other.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj compound:prt cc conj obj mark nummod nsubj advcl cc conj case obl fixed punct root Friction NOUN is AUX a DET force NOUN that PRON slows VERB things NOUN down ADP or CCONJ stops VERB them PRON when SCONJ two NUM surfaces NOUN rub VERB or CCONJ slide VERB against ADP each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 4 force nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 force cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 force det 4 force force NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 slows nsubj 6 slows slow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 force acl:relcl 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 6 slows obj 8 down down ADP _ 6 slows compound:prt 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 stops cc 10 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 slows conj 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 stops obj 12 when when SCONJ _ 15 rub mark 13 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 surfaces nummod 14 surfaces surface NOUN Number=Plur 15 rub nsubj 15 rub rub VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 stops advcl 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 slide cc 17 slide slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 rub conj 18 against against ADP _ 19 each case 19 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 17 slide obl 20 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 19 each fixed 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 force punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Friction a force tree rules 2 slow down present a force things vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent thing=Patient 3 stop present a force not said here things = thing vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality they=Eventuality 4 rub present two surfaces vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 5 slide present two surfaces not said here each vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against each=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Friction can mean disagreement or arguing between people.
nsubj aux obj cc conj case obl punct root Friction NOUN can AUX mean VERB disagreement NOUN or CCONJ arguing VERB between ADP people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 disagreement disagreement NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 arguing cc 6 arguing argue VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 disagreement conj 7 between between ADP _ 8 people case 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 arguing obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Friction disagreement vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disagreement=Topic 2 argue speech: disagree gerund Friction not said here between people vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Friction stops your shoes slipping on the floor.
nsubj nmod:poss obj acl case det obl punct root Friction NOUN stops VERB your PRON shoes NOUN slipping VERB on ADP the DET floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 2 stops nsubj 2 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 shoes nmod:poss 4 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 2 stops obj 5 slipping slip VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 shoes acl 6 on on ADP _ 8 floor case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 floor det 8 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 5 slipping obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present Friction your shoes vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality shoe=Eventuality 2 slip gerund your shoes not said here the floor vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 2 Rub your hands together; friction makes them warm.
nmod:poss obj advmod punct nsubj parataxis obj xcomp punct root Rub VERB your PRON hands NOUN together ADV ; PUNCT friction NOUN makes VERB them PRON warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rub rub VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Rub obj 4 together together ADV _ 1 Rub advmod 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 makes punct 6 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 7 makes nsubj 7 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Rub parataxis 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 makes obj 9 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 7 makes xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Rub punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rub imperative you not said here your hands together property vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 2 make present friction hands = hand warm property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product
Example 3 Ice has very little friction, so it's slippery.
nsubj advmod amod obj punct advmod nsubj cop conj punct root Ice NOUN has VERB very ADV little ADJ friction NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON 's AUX slippery ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 little advmod 4 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 friction amod 5 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 slippery punct 7 so so ADV _ 10 slippery advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 slippery nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 slippery cop 10 slippery slippery ADJ Degree=Pos 2 has conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Ice little friction vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient 2 is present Ice slippery property tree rules
Example 4 Brakes use friction to slow a bike down.
nsubj obj mark advcl det obj advmod punct root Brakes NOUN use VERB friction NOUN to PART slow VERB a DET bike NOUN down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 slow mark 5 slow slow VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bike det 7 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 5 slow obj 8 down down ADV _ 5 slow advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Brakes friction vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient 2 slow down to-infinitive Brakes not said here a bike down property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bike=Patient
Example 5 The toy car went further on the smooth floor because there was less friction.
The tree, 14 words det compound nsubj advmod case det amod obl mark expl advcl amod nsubj punct root The DET toy NOUN car NOUN went VERB further ADV on ADP the DET smooth ADJ floor NOUN because SCONJ there PRON was VERB less ADJ friction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 3 car compound 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 went nsubj 4 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 further far ADV Degree=Cmp 4 went advmod 6 on on ADP _ 9 floor case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 floor det 8 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos 9 floor amod 9 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 4 went obl 10 because because SCONJ _ 12 was mark 11 there there PRON PronType=Dem 12 was expl 12 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 went advcl 13 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 14 friction amod 14 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 12 was nsubj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the toy car the smooth floor far property vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on floor=Location 2 be past less friction there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Oil reduces friction in machines.
nsubj obj case obl punct root Oil NOUN reduces VERB friction NOUN in ADP machines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oil oil NOUN Number=Sing 2 reduces nsubj 2 reduces reduce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 2 reduces obj 4 in in ADP _ 5 machines case 5 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 2 reduces obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 reduces punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reduce present Oil friction machines vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer friction=Patient
Example 7 There was some friction between the two teams.
expl det nsubj case det nummod nmod punct root There PRON was VERB some DET friction NOUN between ADP the DET two NUM teams NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 friction det 4 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 between between ADP _ 8 teams case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 teams det 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 teams nummod 8 teams team NOUN Number=Plur 4 friction nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past some friction between the two teams there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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