frighten Who acts: someone, animal, thunder, you, Loud noises, I · What happens: frighten, mean, make, feel, scare, go away · To what, where: someone, animal, little dog, ducks, baby, I · Speech: someone speaks here
«frighten» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frighten in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To frighten means to make someone feel scared.
mark csubj mark xcomp obj xcomp xcomp punct root To PART frighten VERB means VERB to PART make VERB someone PRON feel VERB scared ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 frighten mark 2 frighten frighten VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 make obj 7 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make xcomp 8 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feel xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make not said to happen to-infinitive someone tree rules 4 feel not said to happen infinitive someone not said here scared property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To frighten away or off means to scare an animal or person so they go away.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj advmod cc conj mark xcomp det obj cc conj advmod nsubj advcl advmod punct root To PART frighten VERB away ADV or CCONJ off ADV means VERB to PART scare VERB an DET animal NOUN or CCONJ person NOUN so ADV they PRON go VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 frighten mark 2 frighten frighten VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 away away ADV _ 2 frighten advmod 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 off cc 5 off off ADV _ 3 away conj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 scare mark 8 scare scare VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means xcomp 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 animal det 10 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 8 scare obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 person cc 12 person person NOUN Number=Sing 10 animal conj 13 so so ADV _ 15 go advmod 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 go nsubj 15 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means advcl 16 away away ADV _ 15 go advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten to-infinitive away property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 scare not said to happen to-infinitive a animal or person vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer 4 go away present animal away property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The thunder frightened the little dog.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET thunder NOUN frightened VERB the DET little ADJ dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 thunder det 2 thunder thunder NOUN Number=Sing 3 frightened nsubj 3 frightened frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dog det 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dog amod 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 frightened obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten past the thunder the little dog vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus dog=Experiencer
Example 2 Don't run at the ducks; you'll frighten them.
aux advmod case det obl punct nsubj aux advcl obj punct root Do AUX n't PART run VERB at ADP the DET ducks NOUN ; PUNCT you PRON 'll AUX frighten VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 run aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 run advmod 3 run run VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 ducks case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ducks det 6 ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 3 run obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 frighten punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 frighten nsubj 9 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 frighten aux 10 frighten frighten VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 run advcl 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 frighten obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not run imperative · do-support you not said here at the ducks vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at duck=Trajectory 2 frighten future you ducks = duck vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer
Example 3 Loud noises frighten our baby.
amod nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Loud ADJ noises NOUN frighten VERB our PRON baby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 2 noises amod 2 noises noise NOUN Number=Plur 3 frighten nsubj 3 frighten frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 baby nmod:poss 5 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 frighten obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 frighten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten present Loud noises our baby vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus baby=Experiencer
Example 4 I was frightened of the dark when I was little.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl advmod nsubj cop advcl punct root I PRON was AUX frightened VERB of ADP the DET dark NOUN when ADV I PRON was AUX little ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 frightened nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 frightened aux:pass 3 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 dark case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dark det 6 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 3 frightened obl 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 little advmod 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 little nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 little cop 10 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 frightened advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten past · passive I of the dark vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer 2 is past I little property tree rules
Example 5 The scarecrow frightens birds away from the corn.
det nsubj obj advmod case det obl punct root The DET scarecrow NOUN frightens VERB birds NOUN away ADV from ADP the DET corn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scarecrow det 2 scarecrow scarecrow NOUN Number=Sing 3 frightens nsubj 3 frightens frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 frightens obj 5 away away ADV _ 3 frightens advmod 6 from from ADP _ 8 corn case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 corn det 8 corn corn NOUN Number=Sing 5 away obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 frightens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten present the scarecrow birds away property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bird=Experiencer
Example 6 The spooky story frightened everyone.
det amod acl obj punct root The DET spooky ADJ story NOUN frightened VERB everyone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 2 spooky spooky ADJ Degree=Pos 3 story amod 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 story acl 5 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 frightened obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 story punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten participle the spooky story not said here everyone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer
Example 7 A frightened cat may scratch, so leave it alone.
det amod nsubj aux punct advmod conj obj advmod punct root A DET frightened ADJ cat NOUN may AUX scratch VERB , PUNCT so ADV leave VERB it PRON alone ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cat det 2 frightened frightened ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cat amod 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 5 scratch nsubj 4 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 scratch aux 5 scratch scratch VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 leave punct 7 so so ADV _ 8 leave advmod 8 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 scratch conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 leave obj 10 alone alone ADV _ 8 leave advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 scratch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scratch may a frightened cat vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 leave infinitive a frightened cat not said here cat alone property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 8 You frightened me, creeping up like that!
nsubj obj punct advcl compound:prt case obl punct root You PRON frightened VERB me PRON , PUNCT creeping VERB up ADP like ADP that PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 frightened nsubj 2 frightened frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 frightened obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 creeping punct 5 creeping creep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 frightened advcl 6 up up ADP _ 5 creeping compound:prt 7 like like ADP _ 8 that case 8 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 creeping obl 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten past You me vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer 2 creep up gerund You not said here like that vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 "You frighten me," said the rose--tree.
punct nsubj ccomp obj punct punct det obj punct conj punct root " PUNCT You PRON frighten VERB me PRON , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET rose NOUN -- PUNCT tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 frighten punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 frighten nsubj 3 frighten frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 said ccomp 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 frighten obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 frighten punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 frighten punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rose det 9 rose rose NOUN Number=Sing 7 said obj 10 -- -- PUNCT _ 11 tree punct 11 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 9 rose conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten in a quote present You the rose and tree = rose vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer 2 say speech: assert past the rose and tree vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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