frightened Who acts: past form, I, loud thunder, you, it, frightened kitten · What happens: frighten, mean, be, make, do, not frighten · To what, where: past form, someone, I, dog, wind, bed · Speech: someone speaks here
«frightened» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frightened in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Frightened means afraid or scared.
csubj xcomp cc conj punct root Frightened VERB means VERB afraid ADJ or CCONJ scared ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means csubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 scared cc 5 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 3 afraid conj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present afraid property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Frightened is also the past form of «frighten», which means to make someone afraid.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop advmod det amod mark punct advcl punct punct nsubj parataxis mark xcomp obj xcomp punct root Frightened VERB is AUX also ADV the DET past ADJ form NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT frighten VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT which PRON means VERB to PART make VERB someone PRON afraid ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 form cop 3 also also ADV _ 6 form advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 form det 5 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 6 form amod 6 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of SCONJ _ 9 frighten mark 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 frighten punct 9 frighten frighten VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 form advcl 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 frighten punct 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 means punct 12 which which PRON PronType=Rel 13 means nsubj 13 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 form parataxis 14 to to PART _ 15 make mark 15 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 means xcomp 16 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 make obj 17 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 15 make xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 is a present the past form tree rules 3 frighten in a quote infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 mean present the past form vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 make not said to happen to-infinitive the past form not said here someone afraid property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product
Example 1 I was frightened of the dark when I was little.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl advmod nsubj cop advcl punct root I PRON was AUX frightened VERB of ADP the DET dark NOUN when ADV I PRON was AUX little ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 frightened nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 frightened aux:pass 3 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 dark case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dark det 6 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 3 frightened obl 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 little advmod 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 little nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 little cop 10 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 frightened advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten past · passive I of the dark vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer 2 is past I little property tree rules
Example 2 The loud thunder frightened the dog.
det amod nsubj det obj punct root The DET loud ADJ thunder NOUN frightened VERB the DET dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 thunder det 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 thunder amod 3 thunder thunder NOUN Number=Sing 4 frightened nsubj 4 frightened frighten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dog det 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 frightened obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten past the loud thunder the dog vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus dog=Experiencer
Example 3 Don't be frightened; it's only the wind.
advmod aux:pass advcl punct nsubj cop advmod det obl punct root Do VERB n't PART be AUX frightened VERB ; PUNCT it PRON 's AUX only ADV the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 frightened advmod 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 frightened aux:pass 4 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Do advcl 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 wind punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 wind nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 wind cop 8 only only ADV _ 10 wind advmod 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 wind det 10 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 1 Do obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do imperative you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not frighten infinitive · passive you not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» 3 is a present it the wind tree rules
Example 4 The frightened kitten hid under the bed.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root The DET frightened ADJ kitten NOUN hid VERB under ADP the DET bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 kitten det 2 frightened frightened ADJ Degree=Pos 3 kitten amod 3 kitten kitten NOUN Number=Sing 4 hid nsubj 4 hid hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 under under ADP _ 7 bed case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bed det 7 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 4 hid obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 hid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hide past the frightened kitten the bed vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under bed=Location
Example 5 She felt frightened when she got lost.
nsubj xcomp mark nsubj aux:pass advcl punct root She PRON felt VERB frightened ADJ when SCONJ she PRON got AUX lost VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 frightened frightened ADJ Degree=Pos 2 felt xcomp 4 when when SCONJ _ 7 lost mark 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 lost nsubj 6 got get AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 lost aux:pass 7 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 felt advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past She frightened property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 lose past · passive she vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 6 A frightened animal might bite.
det amod nsubj aux punct root A DET frightened ADJ animal NOUN might AUX bite VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 animal det 2 frightened frightened ADJ Degree=Pos 3 animal amod 3 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 5 bite nsubj 4 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 bite aux 5 bite bite VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 bite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bite might a frightened animal vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 He was frightened to tell anyone what had happened.
nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp obj nsubj aux ccomp punct root He PRON was AUX frightened VERB to PART tell VERB anyone PRON what PRON had AUX happened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 frightened nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 frightened aux:pass 3 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 tell mark 5 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 frightened xcomp 6 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 tell obj 7 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 happened nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 happened aux 9 happened happen VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 tell ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten past · passive He tree rules 2 tell speech: assert to-infinitive anyone vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient clause=Topic 3 happen past · perfect vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Lasse was frightened and began to cry.
nsubj:pass aux:pass cc conj mark xcomp punct root Lasse PROPN was AUX frightened VERB and CCONJ began VERB to PART cry VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lasse Lasse PROPN Number=Sing 3 frightened nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 frightened aux:pass 3 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 began cc 5 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 frightened conj 6 to to PART _ 7 cry mark 7 cry cry VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 began xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 frightened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frighten past · passive Lasse vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer 2 begin past vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 cry speech: express to-infinitive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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