frown Who acts: you, frown, teacher, She, Dad, Running · What happens: frown, be, wrinkle, think, try, solve · To what, where: forehead, look, face, something, noisy class, puzzle
«frown» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frown in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To frown is to bring your eyebrows together and wrinkle your forehead because you are cross, worried, puzzled or thinking hard.
The tree, 21 words mark csubj cop mark nmod:poss obj advmod cc conj nmod:poss obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct conj punct conj cc conj advmod punct root To PART frown VERB is AUX to PART bring VERB your PRON eyebrows NOUN together ADV and CCONJ wrinkle VERB your PRON forehead NOUN because SCONJ you PRON are AUX cross ADJ , PUNCT worried ADJ , PUNCT puzzled ADJ or CCONJ thinking VERB hard ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 frown mark 2 frown frown VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 bring csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bring cop 4 to to PART _ 5 bring mark 5 bring bring VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 eyebrows nmod:poss 7 eyebrows eyebrow NOUN Number=Plur 5 bring obj 8 together together ADV _ 5 bring advmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 wrinkle cc 10 wrinkle wrinkle VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 bring conj 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 forehead nmod:poss 12 forehead forehead NOUN Number=Sing 10 wrinkle obj 13 because because SCONJ _ 16 cross mark 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 cross nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 cross cop 16 cross cross ADJ Degree=Pos 10 wrinkle advcl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 worried punct 18 worried worried ADJ Degree=Pos 16 cross conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 puzzled punct 20 puzzled puzzled ADJ Degree=Pos 16 cross conj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 thinking cc 22 thinking think VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 20 puzzled conj 23 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 22 thinking advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frown to-infinitive vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present bring, together property tree rules 3 wrinkle infinitive your forehead vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent forehead=Patient 4 is present you cross property tree rules 5 be you not said here tree rules 6 be you not said here tree rules 7 think speech: other gerund you not said here hard property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A frown is this look on your face.
det nsubj cop det case nmod:poss nmod punct root A DET frown NOUN is AUX this DET look NOUN on ADP your PRON face NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 frown det 2 frown frown NOUN Number=Sing 5 look nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 look cop 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 look det 5 look look NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 face case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 face nmod:poss 8 face face NOUN Number=Sing 5 look nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a frown this look your face tree rules
Meaning 3 To frown on or upon something is to disapprove of it.
mark advcl case cc conj obl cop mark case obl punct root To PART frown VERB on ADP or CCONJ upon ADP something PRON is AUX to PART disapprove VERB of ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 frown mark 2 frown frown VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 disapprove advcl 3 on on ADP _ 6 something case 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 upon cc 5 upon upon ADP _ 3 on conj 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 frown obl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 disapprove cop 8 to to PART _ 9 disapprove mark 9 disapprove disapprove VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 of of ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 disapprove obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 disapprove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frown to-infinitive something vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present of it; disapprove property tree rules
Example 1 The teacher frowned at the noisy class.
det nsubj case det amod obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN frowned VERB at ADP the DET noisy ADJ class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 frowned nsubj 3 frowned frown VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 7 class case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 class det 6 noisy noisy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 class amod 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 frowned obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 frowned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frown past the teacher the noisy class vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 She frowned as she tried to solve the puzzle.
nsubj mark nsubj advcl mark xcomp det obj punct root She PRON frowned VERB as SCONJ she PRON tried VERB to PART solve VERB the DET puzzle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 frowned nsubj 2 frowned frown VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as SCONJ _ 5 tried mark 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 tried nsubj 5 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 frowned advcl 6 to to PART _ 7 solve mark 7 solve solve VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 tried xcomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 puzzle det 9 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 7 solve obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 frowned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frown past She vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 try past she vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 solve not said to happen to-infinitive she not said here the puzzle vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic
Example 3 Why the frown? Are you all right?
Sentence 1: Why the frown?
det nsubj punct root Why ADV the DET frown NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Rel root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 frown det 3 frown frown NOUN Number=Sing 1 Why nsubj 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Why punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: Are you all right?
cop nsubj nmod:unmarked punct root Are AUX you PRON all DET right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 right cop 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 right nsubj 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 2 you nmod:unmarked 4 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present you right property tree rules
Example 4 Dad frowned when he saw the muddy floor.
nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp det amod obj punct root Dad NOUN frowned VERB when ADV he PRON saw VERB the DET muddy ADJ floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 frowned nsubj 2 frowned frown VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 saw advmod 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 saw nsubj 5 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 frowned ccomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 floor det 7 muddy muddy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 floor amod 8 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 5 saw obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 frowned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frown past Dad tree rules 2 see past Dad the muddy floor vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer floor=Stimulus
Example 5 Running in the corridor is frowned upon.
csubj:pass case det obl aux:pass obl punct root Running VERB in ADP the DET corridor NOUN is AUX frowned VERB upon ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 frowned csubj:pass 2 in in ADP _ 4 corridor case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 corridor det 4 corridor corridor NOUN Number=Sing 1 Running obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 frowned aux:pass 6 frowned frown VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 upon upon ADP _ 6 frowned obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 frowned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run gerund the corridor vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Trajectory 2 frown present · passive Running vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»
Example 6 Turn that frown upside down!
det compound obj advmod punct root Turn VERB that DET frown NOUN upside NOUN down ADV ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 upside det 3 frown frown NOUN Number=Sing 4 upside compound 4 upside upside NOUN Number=Sing 1 Turn obj 5 down down ADV _ 1 Turn advmod 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn imperative you not said here that frown upside down property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent upside=Theme
Example 7 He looked at the map with a puzzled frown.
nsubj case det obl case det amod obl punct root He PRON looked VERB at ADP the DET map NOUN with ADP a DET puzzled VERB frown NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 map case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 map det 5 map map NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 6 with with ADP _ 9 frown case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 frown det 8 puzzled puzzle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 frown amod 9 frown frown NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past He with a puzzled frown; at the map vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at map=Theme 2 puzzle participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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