fume Who acts: Fumes, strong smells, I, exhaust fumes, me, car · What happens: be, breathe, wait, fume, mean, make · To what, where: smoke, car exhaust, me, window, masks, model · Speech: someone speaks here
«fume» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fume in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Fumes are smoke, gas or strong smells that are unpleasant or harmful to breathe, like car exhaust or paint fumes.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop punct conj cc amod conj nsubj cop acl:relcl cc conj mark advcl punct case compound obj cc compound conj punct root Fumes NOUN are AUX smoke NOUN , PUNCT gas NOUN or CCONJ strong ADJ smells NOUN that PRON are AUX unpleasant ADJ or CCONJ harmful ADJ to PART breathe VERB , PUNCT like ADP car NOUN exhaust NOUN or CCONJ paint NOUN fumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 3 smoke nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 smoke cop 3 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 gas punct 5 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 3 smoke conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 smells cc 7 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 smells amod 8 smells smell NOUN Number=Plur 3 smoke conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 unpleasant nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 unpleasant cop 11 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 8 smells acl:relcl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 harmful cc 13 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 11 unpleasant conj 14 to to PART _ 15 breathe mark 15 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 harmful advcl 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 exhaust punct 17 like like ADP _ 19 exhaust case 18 car car NOUN Number=Sing 19 exhaust compound 19 exhaust exhaust NOUN Number=Sing 15 breathe obj 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 fumes cc 21 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 22 fumes compound 22 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 19 exhaust conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 smoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Fumes smoke and gas or strong smells tree rules 2 is present strong smells unpleasant property tree rules 3 be strong smells not said here tree rules 4 breathe to-infinitive strong smells not said here car exhaust or paint fumes vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exhaust=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To fume is to be very angry, often quietly or while waiting.
mark advcl cop mark cop advmod punct advmod advmod cc mark conj punct root To PART fume NOUN is AUX to PART be AUX very ADV angry ADJ , PUNCT often ADV quietly ADV or CCONJ while SCONJ waiting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fume mark 2 fume fume NOUN Number=Sing 7 angry advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 angry cop 4 to to PART _ 7 angry mark 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 angry cop 6 very very ADV _ 7 angry advmod 7 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 quietly punct 9 often often ADV _ 10 quietly advmod 10 quietly quietly ADV _ 7 angry advmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 waiting cc 12 while while SCONJ _ 13 waiting mark 13 waiting wait VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 quietly conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 angry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present angry, quietly property tree rules 2 wait gerund vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 To fume is to give off smoke or gas.
mark advcl cop mark compound:prt obj cc conj punct root To PART fume NOUN is AUX to PART give VERB off ADP smoke NOUN or CCONJ gas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fume mark 2 fume fume NOUN Number=Sing 5 give advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 give cop 4 to to PART _ 5 give mark 5 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 off off ADP _ 5 give compound:prt 7 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 5 give obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 gas cc 9 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 7 smoke conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present give property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
«I'm fuming» means I'm really angry.
punct nsubj aux nsubj punct nsubj cop advmod ccomp punct root « PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX fuming VERB » PUNCT means VERB I PRON 'm AUX really ADV angry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 fuming punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 fuming nsubj 3 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fuming aux 4 fuming fume VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 fuming punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 angry nsubj 8 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 angry cop 9 really really ADV _ 10 angry advmod 10 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fume in a quote present · progressive I vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 is present I angry property tree rules
Example 1 The car's exhaust fumes made me cough.
det nmod:poss case compound nsubj obj xcomp punct root The DET car NOUN 's PART exhaust NOUN fumes NOUN made VERB me PRON cough VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 fumes nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 car case 4 exhaust exhaust NOUN Number=Sing 5 fumes compound 5 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 6 made nsubj 6 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 made obj 8 cough cough VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 made xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the car's exhaust fumes me tree rules 2 cough infinitive me not said here vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 fume the car nom fume «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Open the window; the paint fumes are strong.
det obj punct det compound nsubj cop conj punct root Open VERB the DET window NOUN ; PUNCT the DET paint NOUN fumes NOUN are AUX strong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Open open VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 window det 3 window window NOUN Number=Sing 1 Open obj 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 strong punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fumes det 6 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 7 fumes compound 7 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 9 strong nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 strong cop 9 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Open conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Open punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open imperative you not said here the window vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme 2 is present the paint fumes strong property tree rules
Example 3 The firefighters wore masks against the toxic fumes.
det nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root The DET firefighters NOUN wore VERB masks NOUN against ADP the DET toxic ADJ fumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 firefighters det 2 firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 3 wore nsubj 3 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 masks mask NOUN Number=Plur 3 wore obj 5 against against ADP _ 8 fumes case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 fumes det 7 toxic toxic ADJ Degree=Pos 8 fumes amod 8 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 3 wore obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the firefighters masks against the toxic fumes vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mask=Theme
Example 4 Dad fumed when the train was late again.
nsubj advmod det nsubj cop ccomp advmod punct root Dad NOUN fumed VERB when ADV the DET train NOUN was AUX late ADJ again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 fumed nsubj 2 fumed fume VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 late advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 train det 5 train train NOUN Number=Sing 7 late nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 late cop 7 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 2 fumed ccomp 8 again again ADV _ 7 late advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 fumed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fume past Dad vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is past the train again late property tree rules
Example 5 I was fuming when my brother broke my model!
nsubj aux advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON was AUX fuming VERB when ADV my PRON brother NOUN broke VERB my PRON model NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 fuming nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fuming aux 3 fuming fume VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 broke advmod 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 brother nmod:poss 6 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 7 broke nsubj 7 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fuming advcl 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 model nmod:poss 9 model model NOUN Number=Sing 7 broke obj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 fuming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fume past · progressive I vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 break past my brother my model vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer model=Patient 3 model my nom model «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The chemical began to fume when it touched the water.
det nsubj mark xcomp advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root The DET chemical NOUN began VERB to PART fume VERB when ADV it PRON touched VERB the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 chemical det 2 chemical chemical NOUN Number=Sing 3 began nsubj 3 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 fume mark 5 fume fume VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 began xcomp 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 touched advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 touched nsubj 8 touched touch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 fume advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 water det 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 touched obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the chemical vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 fume to-infinitive the chemical not said here vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 touch past chemical the water vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Co-Theme
Example 7 I'm running on fumes after that long day.
nsubj aux case obl case det amod obl punct root I PRON 'm AUX running VERB on ADP fumes NOUN after ADP that DET long ADJ day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 running nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 running aux 3 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 on on ADP _ 5 fumes case 5 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 3 running obl 6 after after ADP _ 9 day case 7 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 day det 8 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 day amod 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 running obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present · progressive I fumes day vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fume=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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