fumes Who acts: Gas, Exhaust fumes, you, paint fumes, bleach, firefighters · What happens: smell, be, breathe, make, open, not mix · To what, where: cars, air, window, bleach, dangerous fumes, masks · Speech: someone speaks here
«fumes» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fumes in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Gas or smoke that smells strong and can be harmful to breathe, like from cars, paint or chemicals.
The tree, 18 words nsubj cc conj nsubj xcomp cc aux cop conj mark advcl punct case case obj punct conj cc conj punct root Gas NOUN or CCONJ smoke NOUN that PRON smells VERB strong ADJ and CCONJ can AUX be AUX harmful ADJ to PART breathe VERB , PUNCT like ADP from ADP cars NOUN , PUNCT paint NOUN or CCONJ chemicals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 5 smells nsubj 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 smoke cc 3 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 1 Gas conj 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 smells nsubj 5 smells smell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 5 smells xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 harmful cc 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 harmful aux 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 harmful cop 10 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 5 smells conj 11 to to PART _ 12 breathe mark 12 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 harmful advcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 cars punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 cars case 15 from from ADP _ 16 cars case 16 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 12 breathe obj 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 paint punct 18 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 16 cars conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 chemicals cc 20 chemicals chemical NOUN Number=Plur 18 paint conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 smells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smell present Gas or smoke strong property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 is can Gas or smoke not said here harmful property tree rules 3 breathe to-infinitive Gas or smoke not said here cars and paint or chemicals vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb, fume — kept apart, not parsed.
To be very angry, often quietly.
mark cop advmod punct advmod advmod punct root To PART be AUX very ADV angry ADJ , PUNCT often ADV quietly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 4 angry mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 angry cop 3 very very ADV _ 4 angry advmod 4 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 quietly punct 6 often often ADV _ 7 quietly advmod 7 quietly quietly ADV _ 4 angry advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 angry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is to-infinitive angry, quietly property tree rules
Example 1 Exhaust fumes from the cars made the air smelly.
compound nsubj case det nmod det obj xcomp punct root Exhaust NOUN fumes NOUN from ADP the DET cars NOUN made VERB the DET air NOUN smelly ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Exhaust exhaust NOUN Number=Sing 2 fumes compound 2 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 6 made nsubj 3 from from ADP _ 5 cars case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cars det 5 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 2 fumes nmod 6 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 air det 8 air air NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obj 9 smelly smelly ADJ Degree=Pos 6 made xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Exhaust fumes from the cars the air smelly property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset air=Product
Example 2 Open the window — the paint fumes are strong.
det obj punct det compound nsubj cop conj punct root Open VERB the DET window NOUN — PUNCT the DET paint NOUN fumes NOUN are AUX strong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Open open VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 window det 3 window window NOUN Number=Sing 1 Open obj 4 — - PUNCT _ 9 strong punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fumes det 6 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 7 fumes compound 7 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 9 strong nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 strong cop 9 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Open conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Open punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open imperative you not said here the window vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme 2 is present the paint fumes strong property tree rules
Example 3 Never mix bleach with other cleaners; it makes dangerous fumes.
advmod obj case amod obl punct nsubj parataxis amod obj punct root Never ADV mix VERB bleach NOUN with ADP other ADJ cleaners NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON makes VERB dangerous ADJ fumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 mix advmod 2 mix mix VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bleach bleach NOUN Number=Sing 2 mix obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 cleaners case 5 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cleaners amod 6 cleaners cleaner NOUN Number=Plur 2 mix obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 makes punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 makes nsubj 9 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 mix parataxis 10 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 11 fumes amod 11 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 9 makes obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 mix punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mix imperative you not said here bleach with other cleaners vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent bleach=Patient with cleaner=Co-Patient 2 make present bleach dangerous fumes vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material fume=Product
Example 4 The firefighters wore masks against the smoke and fumes.
det nsubj obj case det obl cc conj punct root The DET firefighters NOUN wore VERB masks NOUN against ADP the DET smoke NOUN and CCONJ fumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 firefighters det 2 firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 3 wore nsubj 3 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 masks mask NOUN Number=Plur 3 wore obj 5 against against ADP _ 7 smoke case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 smoke det 7 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 fumes cc 9 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 7 smoke conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the firefighters masks against the smoke and fumes vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mask=Theme
Example 5 He was fuming when his little brother broke his model.
nsubj aux mark nmod:poss amod nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON was AUX fuming VERB when SCONJ his PRON little ADJ brother NOUN broke VERB his PRON model NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 fuming nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fuming aux 3 fuming fume VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 8 broke mark 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 brother nmod:poss 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 brother amod 7 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 8 broke nsubj 8 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fuming advcl 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 model nmod:poss 10 model model NOUN Number=Sing 8 broke obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 fuming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fume past · progressive He vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 break past his little brother brother's model vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer model=Patient 3 model brother nom model «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Walking on quiet streets means fewer traffic fumes.
csubj case amod obl amod compound obj punct root Walking VERB on ADP quiet ADJ streets NOUN means VERB fewer ADJ traffic NOUN fumes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Walking walk VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means csubj 2 on on ADP _ 4 streets case 3 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 4 streets amod 4 streets street NOUN Number=Plur 1 Walking obl 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 fumes amod 7 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 8 fumes compound 8 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 5 means obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk gerund quiet streets vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on street=Trajectory 2 mean present Walking fewer traffic fumes vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fume=Topic
Example 7 Glue fumes can make you dizzy, so use it in an airy room.
The tree, 13 words compound nsubj aux obj xcomp punct advmod conj obj case det amod obl punct root Glue NOUN fumes NOUN can AUX make VERB you PRON dizzy ADJ , PUNCT so ADV use VERB it PRON in ADP an DET airy ADJ room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Glue glue NOUN Number=Sing 2 fumes compound 2 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 4 make nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 make aux 4 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 make obj 6 dizzy dizzy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 make xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 use punct 8 so so ADV _ 9 use advmod 9 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 make conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 use obj 11 in in ADP _ 14 room case 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 room det 13 airy airy ADJ Degree=Pos 14 room amod 14 room room NOUN Number=Sing 9 use obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make can Glue fumes you dizzy property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product 2 use infinitive Glue fumes not said here it a airy room vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 8 She stood there fuming about the unfair penalty.
nsubj advmod advcl case det amod obl punct root She PRON stood VERB there ADV fuming VERB about ADP the DET unfair ADJ penalty NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stood nsubj 2 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 there there ADV PronType=Dem 2 stood advmod 4 fuming fume VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 stood advcl 5 about about ADP _ 8 penalty case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 penalty det 7 unfair unfair ADJ Degree=Pos 8 penalty amod 8 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 4 fuming obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past She there vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fume gerund She not said here about the unfair penalty vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 The tree that had been killed by the fumes of gas, the steam of kitchens, and the bad air of the city, was put upon the wagon and driven away.
The tree, 30 words det nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux aux:pass acl:relcl case det obl case nmod punct det appos case nmod punct cc det amod conj case det nmod punct aux:pass case det obl cc conj advmod punct root The DET tree NOUN that PRON had AUX been AUX killed VERB by ADP the DET fumes NOUN of ADP gas NOUN , PUNCT the DET steam NOUN of ADP kitchens NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET bad ADJ air NOUN of ADP the DET city NOUN , PUNCT was AUX put VERB upon ADP the DET wagon NOUN and CCONJ driven VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tree det 2 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 27 put nsubj:pass 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 killed nsubj:pass 4 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 killed aux 5 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 killed aux:pass 6 killed kill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 tree acl:relcl 7 by by ADP _ 9 fumes case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 fumes det 9 fumes fume NOUN Number=Plur 6 killed obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 gas case 11 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 9 fumes nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 steam punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 steam det 14 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 11 gas appos 15 of of ADP _ 16 kitchens case 16 kitchens kitchen NOUN Number=Plur 14 steam nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 air punct 18 and and CCONJ _ 21 air cc 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 air det 20 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 21 air amod 21 air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 tree conj 22 of of ADP _ 24 city case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 city det 24 city city NOUN Number=Sing 21 air nmod 25 , , PUNCT _ 2 tree punct 26 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 27 put aux:pass 27 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 28 upon upon ADP _ 30 wagon case 29 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 30 wagon det 30 wagon wagon NOUN Number=Sing 27 put obl 31 and and CCONJ _ 32 driven cc 32 driven drive VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 27 put conj 33 away away ADV _ 32 driven advmod 34 . . PUNCT _ 27 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill past · perfect · passive the fumes of gas the tree and the bad air of the city vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme 2 put past · passive the tree and the bad air of the city the wagon vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme upon wagon=Destination 3 drive away participle away property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 4 fume gas nom fume «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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