gas Who acts: substance, gas, NZ, Air, water, it · What happens: have, spread out, fill, burn, use, say · To what, where: fixed shape, space, petrol, Gas, light, house · Speech: someone speaks here
«gas» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gas in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A substance like air that has no fixed shape and spreads out to fill any space.
The tree, 16 words det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj cc conj compound:prt mark advcl det obj punct root A DET substance NOUN like ADP air NOUN that PRON has VERB no DET fixed ADJ shape NOUN and CCONJ spreads VERB out ADP to PART fill VERB any DET space NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 substance det 2 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 like like ADP _ 4 air case 4 air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 substance nmod 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 has nsubj 6 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 substance acl:relcl 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 shape det 8 fixed fixed ADJ Degree=Pos 9 shape amod 9 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 6 has obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 spreads cc 11 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 has conj 12 out out ADP _ 11 spreads compound:prt 13 to to PART _ 14 fill mark 14 fill fill VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 spreads advcl 15 any any DET PronType=Ind 16 space det 16 space space NOUN Number=Sing 14 fill obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 substance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a substance like air no fixed shape vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient 2 spread out present a substance like air not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 fill to-infinitive a substance like air not said here any space vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent space=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A gas that burns and is used for cooking and heating.
det nsubj nsubj cc aux:pass conj case obl cc conj punct root A DET gas NOUN that PRON burns VERB and CCONJ is AUX used VERB for ADP cooking NOUN and CCONJ heating NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gas det 2 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 4 burns nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 burns nsubj 4 burns burn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 used cc 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 used aux:pass 7 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 burns conj 8 for for ADP _ 9 cooking case 9 cooking cooking NOUN Number=Sing 7 used obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 heating cc 11 heating heating NOUN Number=Sing 9 cooking conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 burns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn present a gas vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 use present · passive a gas not said here for cooking and heating vn eat-39.1 «NP V»
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"a gas stove".
punct det compound punct punct root " PUNCT a DET gas NOUN stove NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 stove punct 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 stove det 3 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 4 stove compound 4 stove stove NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 stove punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 stove punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 Usage: American, Canadian — kept apart, not parsed.
Gasoline, the fuel for cars; British, Irish, Australian and NZ say "petrol".
The tree, 12 words nsubj punct det case nmod punct amod punct conj punct conj cc nsubj conj punct obj punct punct root Gasoline NOUN , PUNCT the DET fuel NOUN for ADP cars NOUN ; PUNCT British ADJ , PUNCT Irish ADJ , PUNCT Australian ADJ and CCONJ NZ PROPN say VERB " PUNCT petrol NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gasoline gasoline NOUN Number=Sing 4 fuel nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 fuel punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 fuel det 4 fuel fuel NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 cars case 6 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 4 fuel nmod 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 British punct 8 British British ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fuel amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 Irish punct 10 Irish Irish ADJ Degree=Pos 8 British conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 Australian punct 12 Australian Australian ADJ Degree=Pos 8 British conj 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 say cc 14 NZ NZ PROPN Number=Sing 15 say nsubj 15 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 British conj 16 " " PUNCT _ 17 petrol punct 17 petrol petrol NOUN Number=Sing 15 say obj 18 " " PUNCT _ 17 petrol punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 fuel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present NZ petrol vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent petrol=Topic
Meaning 4 Air in the stomach.
case det nmod punct root Air NOUN in ADP the DET stomach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Air air NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 in in ADP _ 4 stomach case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 stomach det 4 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 1 Air nmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Air punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 5 Gas can also be burned to make light, as in old street lamps.
The tree, 13 words nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass mark advcl obj punct case case amod compound obl punct root Gas NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX burned VERB to PART make VERB light NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP old ADJ street NOUN lamps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 5 burned nsubj:pass 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 burned aux 3 also also ADV _ 5 burned advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 burned aux:pass 5 burned burn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 burned advcl 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 lamps punct 10 as as ADP _ 14 lamps case 11 in in ADP _ 14 lamps case 12 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 14 lamps amod 13 street street NOUN Number=Sing 14 lamps compound 14 lamps lamp NOUN Number=Plur 7 make obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 burned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn can · passive Gas vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme 2 make to-infinitive light as old street lamps vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product
Example 1 Air is a gas.
nsubj cop det punct root Air NOUN is AUX a DET gas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Air air NOUN Number=Sing 4 gas nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 gas cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 gas det 4 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 gas punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Air a gas tree rules
Example 2 When water boils, it turns into a gas.
advmod nsubj advcl punct nsubj case det obl punct root When ADV water NOUN boils VERB , PUNCT it PRON turns VERB into ADP a DET gas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 3 boils advmod 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 boils nsubj 3 boils boil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 turns advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 boils punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 turns nsubj 6 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 into into ADP _ 9 gas case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 gas det 9 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 6 turns obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 turns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 boil present water vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 turn present it a gas vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into gas=Trajectory
Example 3 We cook on a gas stove.
nsubj case det compound obl punct root We PRON cook VERB on ADP a DET gas NOUN stove NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 cook nsubj 2 cook cook VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 stove case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stove det 5 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 6 stove compound 6 stove stove NOUN Number=Sing 2 cook obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 cook punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cook present We on a gas stove vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent on stove=Instrument
Example 4 If you smell gas, leave the house.
mark nsubj advcl obj punct det obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON smell VERB gas NOUN , PUNCT leave VERB the DET house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 smell mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 smell nsubj 3 smell smell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 leave advcl 4 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 3 smell obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 smell punct 6 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 house det 8 house house NOUN Number=Sing 6 leave obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smell a condition, not said to happen present you gas vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gas=Stimulus 2 leave imperative you not said here the house vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme
Example 5 Dad filled the car with gas.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root Dad NOUN filled VERB the DET car NOUN with ADP gas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 filled nsubj 2 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 car det 4 car car NOUN Number=Sing 2 filled obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 gas case 6 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 2 filled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill past Dad the car with gas vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent car=Patient with gas=Instrument
Example 6 Plants take in a gas called carbon dioxide.
nsubj compound:prt det obj acl compound xcomp punct root Plants NOUN take VERB in ADP a DET gas NOUN called VERB carbon NOUN dioxide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 take nsubj 2 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 2 take compound:prt 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 gas det 5 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 2 take obj 6 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 gas acl 7 carbon carbon NOUN Number=Sing 8 dioxide compound 8 dioxide dioxide NOUN Number=Sing 6 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in present Plants a gas vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Theme 2 call participle a gas not said here carbon dioxide vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 A balloon is filled with helium gas.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound obl punct root A DET balloon NOUN is AUX filled VERB with ADP helium NOUN gas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 balloon det 2 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 4 filled nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 filled aux:pass 4 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 gas case 6 helium helium NOUN Number=Sing 7 gas compound 7 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 4 filled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill present · passive a balloon with helium gas vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with gas=Instrument
Example 8 Gases spread out to fill a container.
nsubj compound:prt mark advcl det obj punct root Gases NOUN spread VERB out ADP to PART fill VERB a DET container NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gases gas NOUN Number=Plur 2 spread nsubj 2 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 spread compound:prt 4 to to PART _ 5 fill mark 5 fill fill VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 spread advcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 container det 7 container container NOUN Number=Sing 5 fill obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread out present Gases vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 fill to-infinitive Gases not said here a container vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent container=Patient
Example 9 The name glittered in gas-jets over the entrance.
det acl case compound punct obl case det obl punct root The DET name NOUN glittered VERB in ADP gas NOUN - PUNCT jets NOUN over ADP the DET entrance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 name det 2 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 glittered glitter VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 name acl 4 in in ADP _ 7 jets case 5 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 7 jets compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 gas punct 7 jets jet NOUN Number=Plur 3 glittered obl 8 over over ADP _ 10 entrance case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 entrance det 10 entrance entrance NOUN Number=Sing 3 glittered obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glitter participle the name not said here gas jets over the entrance vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in jet=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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