gauntlet

Who acts: long wide cuff, metal glove, Toad, knight, you, teacher · What happens: cover, wear, be, throw down, take up, accept · To what, where: wrist, thick glove, part, gauntlet, challenge, gauntlets · Speech: someone speaks here

«gauntlet» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gauntlet in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A thick glove with a long wide cuff covering the wrist, worn for work, riding or motoring.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 glove	det
2	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 glove	amod
3	glove	glove	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	8 cuff	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cuff	det
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cuff	amod
7	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cuff	amod
8	cuff	cuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glove	nmod
9	covering	cover	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 cuff	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 wrist	det
11	wrist	wrist	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 covering	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 worn	punct
13	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 glove	acl
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 work	case
15	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 worn	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 riding	punct
17	riding	riding	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 work	conj
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 motoring	cc
19	motoring	motoring	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 work	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 glove	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	gerund	a long wide cuff not said here	the wrist					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wrist=Destination
2	wear	participle		a thick glove with a long wide cuff not said here				for work and riding or motoring	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A metal glove that was part of a knight's armour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 glove	det
2	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glove	compound
3	glove	glove	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nsubj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 part	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 part	cop
6	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	11 armour	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 knight	det
9	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 armour	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 knight	case
11	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 part	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	a metal glove	part				of a knight's armour	tree rules

Meaning 3

In phrases: «throw down the gauntlet» – challenge someone; «take up the gauntlet» – accept a challenge; «run the gauntlet» – face attacks or criticism from many people one after another.

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 phrases	case
2	phrases	phrase	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 throw	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 throw	punct
5	throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 phrases	appos
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 throw	compound:prt
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 gauntlet	det
8	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 throw	obj
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 throw	punct
10	–	-	PUNCT	_	12 someone	punct
11	challenge	challenge	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 someone	compound
12	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 throw	obl
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 take	punct
14	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 take	punct
15	take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 throw	parataxis
16	up	up	ADP	_	15 take	compound:prt
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 gauntlet	det
18	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 take	obj
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 take	punct
20	–	-	PUNCT	_	21 accept	punct
21	accept	accept	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 throw	parataxis
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 challenge	det
23	challenge	challenge	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 accept	obj
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 run	punct
25	«	«	PUNCT	_	26 run	punct
26	run	run	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	21 accept	parataxis
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 gauntlet	det
28	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 run	obj
29	»	»	PUNCT	_	26 run	punct
30	–	-	PUNCT	_	32 attacks	punct
31	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 attacks	compound
32	attacks	attack	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 run	parataxis
33	or	or	CCONJ	_	34 criticism	cc
34	criticism	criticism	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 attacks	conj
35	from	from	ADP	_	37 people	case
36	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 people	amod
37	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 attacks	nmod
38	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	37 people	flat
39	after	after	ADP	_	40 another	case
40	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	38 one	nmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 phrases	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	throw down in a quote	infinitive	the gauntlet	someone obl	tree rules
2	take up in a quote	infinitive	the gauntlet		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gauntlet=Theme
3	accept	infinitive	a challenge		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent challenge=Theme clause=Attribute
4	run in a quote	infinitive	the gauntlet		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent gauntlet=Theme clause=Eventuality

Example 1

Toad pulled on his driving gauntlets and goggles.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 pulled	nsubj
2	pulled	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 gauntlets	case
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 gauntlets	nmod:poss
5	driving	driving	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gauntlets	compound
6	gauntlets	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pulled	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 goggles	cc
8	goggles	goggle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 gauntlets	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pulled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	past	Toad					on Toad's driving gauntlets and goggles	vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on gauntlet=Theme

Example 2

The knight threw down his gauntlet as a challenge.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 knight	det
2	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 threw	nsubj
3	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 threw	compound:prt
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 gauntlet	nmod:poss
6	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 threw	obj
7	as	as	ADP	_	9 challenge	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 challenge	det
9	challenge	challenge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 threw	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 threw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw down	past	the knight	knight's gauntlet				as a challenge	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gauntlet=Theme

Example 3

Wear gauntlets when you cut thorny roses.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wear	wear	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	gauntlets	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Wear	obj
3	when	when	SCONJ	_	5 cut	mark
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 cut	nsubj
5	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Wear	advcl
6	thorny	thorny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 roses	amod
7	roses	rose	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cut	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Wear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	imperative	you not said here	gauntlets					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent gauntlet=Source
2	cut	present	you	thorny roses					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rose=Product

Example 4

Our teacher threw down the gauntlet: who could finish the puzzle first?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 teacher	nmod:poss
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 threw	nsubj
3	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 threw	compound:prt
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 gauntlet	det
6	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 threw	obj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 finish	punct
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 finish	nsubj
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 finish	aux
10	finish	finish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 threw	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 puzzle	det
12	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 finish	obj
13	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	10 finish	advmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 threw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw down	past	Our teacher	the gauntlet					vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gauntlet=Theme
2	finish	could		the puzzle				first property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector puzzle=Eventuality

Example 5

The new pupil had to run the gauntlet of questions in the playground.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 pupil	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pupil	amod
3	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 run	mark
6	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 had	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 gauntlet	det
8	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 run	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 questions	case
10	questions	question	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 gauntlet	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 playground	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 playground	det
13	playground	playground	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 run	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the new pupil						tree rules
2	run	to-infinitive	the new pupil not said here	the gauntlet of questions		the playground			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent gauntlet=Theme in playground=Trajectory

Example 6

The welder wore thick leather gauntlets.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 welder	det
2	welder	welder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wore	nsubj
3	wore	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 gauntlets	amod
5	leather	leather	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gauntlets	compound
6	gauntlets	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 wore	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 wore	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	past	the welder	thick leather gauntlets					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent gauntlet=Source

Example 7

The sweat ran down his face, but he dried it with his gauntlet.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sweat	det
2	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ran	nsubj
3	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 ran	compound:prt
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 face	nmod:poss
6	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ran	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 dried	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 dried	cc
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 dried	nsubj
10	dried	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 ran	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 dried	obj
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 gauntlet	case
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 gauntlet	nmod:poss
14	gauntlet	gauntlet	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dried	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 ran	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run down	past	the sweat	sweat's face					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme face=Trajectory
2	dry	past	sweat	face				with sweat's gauntlet	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with gauntlet=Instrument

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gauntlet/