genitive

Who acts: noun, pronoun, cat, Latin, Marci, olympiad puzzle · What happens: show, own, belong to, form, use, be · To what, where: something, noun, English, special case, languages, genitive · Speech: someone speaks here

«genitive» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: genitive in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

The form of a noun or pronoun that shows who owns something or what it belongs to: in English, «the dog's bone», «Sam's coat», «the roof of the house».

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 form	det
2	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 noun	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 noun	det
5	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 form	nmod
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 pronoun	cc
7	pronoun	pronoun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 noun	conj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 shows	nsubj
9	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 noun	acl:relcl
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 owns	nsubj
11	owns	own	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 shows	ccomp
12	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 owns	obj
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 what	cc
14	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 something	conj
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 belongs	nsubj
16	belongs	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 what	acl:relcl
17	to	to	ADP	_	16 belongs	compound:prt
18	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 English	punct
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 English	case
20	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 form	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 bone	punct
22	«	«	PUNCT	_	26 bone	punct
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 dog	det
24	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 bone	nmod:poss
25	's	's	PART	_	24 dog	case
26	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 English	appos
27	»	»	PUNCT	_	26 bone	punct
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 coat	punct
29	«	«	PUNCT	_	32 coat	punct
30	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 coat	nmod:poss
31	's	's	PART	_	30 Sam	case
32	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 English	appos
33	»	»	PUNCT	_	32 coat	punct
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 roof	punct
35	«	«	PUNCT	_	37 roof	punct
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 roof	det
37	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 English	appos
38	of	of	ADP	_	40 house	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 house	det
40	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 roof	nmod
41	»	»	PUNCT	_	37 roof	punct
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 form	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	show	present	a noun or pronoun			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	own	present		something		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot something=Theme
3	belong to	present	pronoun			vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
4	form			a noun or pronoun	English	nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient in=place

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

In languages like Latin, German or Ukrainian, a special case ending used for owning and for «of».

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 languages	case
2	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 used	obl
3	like	like	ADP	_	4 Latin	case
4	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 languages	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 German	punct
6	German	German	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Latin	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 Ukrainian	cc
8	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Latin	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 languages	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 case	det
11	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 case	amod
12	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 used	nsubj:pass
13	ending	end	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 used	aux:pass
14	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
15	for	for	SCONJ	_	16 owning	mark
16	owning	own	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 used	advcl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 for	cc
18	for	for	ADP	_	16 owning	obl
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 of	punct
20	of	of	ADP	_	18 for	conj
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 for	punct
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund · passive		a special case		languages like Latin and German or Ukrainian			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	own	gerund							vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Example 1

In «the cat's tail», «cat's» is in the genitive.

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	6 tail	case
2	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 tail	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cat	det
4	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tail	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 cat	case
6	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 tail	punct
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 genitive	punct
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 cat	punct
10	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 genitive	nsubj
11	's	's	PART	_	10 cat	case
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 cat	punct
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 genitive	cop
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 genitive	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 genitive	det
16	genitive	genitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tail	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 tail	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	cat			the genitive			tree rules

Example 2

Latin uses a genitive ending: «Marci» means «of Marcus».

The tree, 9 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 ending	det
4	genitive	genitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ending	compound
5	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 means	punct
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 Marci	punct
8	Marci	Marci	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 means	nsubj
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 Marci	punct
10	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 uses	parataxis
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 Marcus	punct
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 Marcus	case
13	Marcus	Marcus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 means	obj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 Marcus	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Latin	a genitive ending					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient
2	mean	present	Marci	Marcus					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marcus=Topic

Example 3

The genitive plural of «children» is «children's».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 plural	det
2	genitive	genitive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 plural	amod
3	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 children	case
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 children	punct
6	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 plural	nmod
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 plural	punct
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 children	cop
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 children	punct
10	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 plural	appos
11	's	's	PART	_	10 children	case
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 children	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 plural	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present						's children	tree rules

Example 4

In German, «des Mannes» is genitive: «of the man».

The tree, 9 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 German	case
2	German	German	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 des	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 German	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 des	punct
5	des	de	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	Mannes	Mannes	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 genitive	compound
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 Mannes	punct
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 genitive	cop
9	genitive	genitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 des	obj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 man	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 man	punct
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 man	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 man	det
14	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 des	ccomp
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 man	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 des	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	de in a quote	present				German			tree rules
2	is a	present		Mannes genitive					tree rules

Example 5

The olympiad puzzle asked us to find the genitive ending.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 puzzle	det
2	olympiad	olympiad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 puzzle	compound
3	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 asked	nsubj
4	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 asked	iobj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 find	mark
7	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 asked	xcomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ending	det
9	genitive	genitive	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ending	compound
10	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 find	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 asked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past	the olympiad puzzle		us				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic
2	find not said to happen	to-infinitive	the olympiad puzzle not said here	the genitive ending					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Topic

Example 6

«Whose» is the genitive form of «who».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 form	punct
2	Whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	7 form	nmod:poss
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Whose	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 form	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 form	det
6	genitive	genitive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 form	amod
7	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 who	case
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 who	punct
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 form	nmod
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 who	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 form	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the genitive form					tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/genitive/