geology Who acts: Earth, Geology, geologist, We, uncle, us · What happens: change, feature, be, show, include, learn · To what, where: particular place, study, rock collection, us, old volcanoes, geology
«geology» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: geology in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The science of the Earth's rocks, soil, minerals, volcanoes, earthquakes and how the Earth has changed over time.
The tree, 19 words det case det nmod:poss case nmod punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj cc advmod det nsubj aux conj case obl punct root The DET science NOUN of ADP the DET Earth PROPN 's PART rocks NOUN , PUNCT soil NOUN , PUNCT minerals NOUN , PUNCT volcanoes NOUN , PUNCT earthquakes NOUN and CCONJ how ADV the DET Earth PROPN has AUX changed VERB over ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 science det 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 7 rocks case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Earth det 5 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 7 rocks nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Earth case 7 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 2 science nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 soil punct 9 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 7 rocks conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 minerals punct 11 minerals mineral NOUN Number=Plur 7 rocks conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 volcanoes punct 13 volcanoes volcano NOUN Number=Plur 7 rocks conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 earthquakes punct 15 earthquakes earthquake NOUN Number=Plur 7 rocks conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 21 changed cc 17 how how ADV PronType=Int 21 changed advmod 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 Earth det 19 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 21 changed nsubj 20 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 changed aux 21 changed change VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 2 science conj 22 over over ADP _ 23 time case 23 time time NOUN Number=Sing 21 changed obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 2 science punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present · perfect the Earth time vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The rocks and land features of a particular place, as in «the geology of Scotland».
The tree, 15 words det cc compound conj case det amod nmod punct case case punct det appos case nmod punct punct root The DET rocks NOUN and CCONJ land NOUN features NOUN of ADP a DET particular ADJ place NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP « PUNCT the DET geology NOUN of ADP Scotland PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rocks det 2 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 features cc 4 land land NOUN Number=Sing 5 features compound 5 features feature NOUN Number=Plur 2 rocks conj 6 of of ADP _ 9 place case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 place det 8 particular particular ADJ Degree=Pos 9 place amod 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 features nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 geology punct 11 as as ADP _ 15 geology case 12 in in ADP _ 15 geology case 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 geology punct 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 geology det 15 geology geology NOUN Number=Sing 9 place appos 16 of of ADP _ 17 Scotland case 17 Scotland Scotland PROPN Number=Sing 15 geology nmod 18 » » PUNCT _ 15 geology punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 rocks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feature a particular place nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Geology is the study of rocks.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Geology NOUN is AUX the DET study NOUN of ADP rocks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Geology geology NOUN Number=Sing 4 study nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 study cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 study det 4 study study NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 rocks case 6 rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 4 study nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Geology the study of rocks tree rules
Example 2 A geologist showed us her rock collection.
det nsubj iobj nmod:poss compound obj punct root A DET geologist NOUN showed VERB us PRON her PRON rock NOUN collection NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 geologist det 2 geologist geologist NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 showed iobj 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 collection nmod:poss 6 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 7 collection compound 7 collection collection NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past a geologist geologist's rock collection us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient collection=Topic
Example 3 The geology of the Lake District includes old volcanoes.
det nsubj case det compound nmod amod obj punct root The DET geology NOUN of ADP the DET Lake PROPN District PROPN includes VERB old ADJ volcanoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 geology det 2 geology geology NOUN Number=Sing 7 includes nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 District case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 District det 5 Lake Lake PROPN Number=Sing 6 District compound 6 District District PROPN Number=Sing 2 geology nmod 7 includes include VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 volcanoes amod 9 volcanoes volcano NOUN Number=Plur 7 includes obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 includes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 include present the geology of the Lake District old volcanoes vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Theme
Example 4 We learned about the rock cycle in geology club.
nsubj case det compound obl case compound nmod punct root We PRON learned VERB about ADP the DET rock NOUN cycle NOUN in ADP geology NOUN club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADP _ 6 cycle case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cycle det 5 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 6 cycle compound 6 cycle cycle NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 club case 8 geology geology NOUN Number=Sing 9 club compound 9 club club NOUN Number=Sing 6 cycle nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past We about the rock cycle in geology club vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about cycle=Topic
Example 5 My uncle studied geology at university.
nmod:poss nsubj obj case obl punct root My PRON uncle NOUN studied VERB geology NOUN at ADP university NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 uncle nmod:poss 2 uncle uncle NOUN Number=Sing 3 studied nsubj 3 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 geology geology NOUN Number=Sing 3 studied obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 university case 6 university university NOUN Number=Sing 3 studied obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past My uncle geology university vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent geology=Topic
Example 6 Geology helps us understand earthquakes.
nsubj obj xcomp obj punct root Geology NOUN helps VERB us PRON understand VERB earthquakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Geology geology NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 helps obj 4 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 5 earthquakes earthquake NOUN Number=Plur 4 understand obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Geology us vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 understand infinitive us not said here earthquakes vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer earthquake=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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