gesture Who acts: movement, you, She, Nodding, gesture, Bringing · What happens: show, wave, nod, point, move, do · To what, where: meaning, hand, feeling, something, door, goodbye · Speech: someone speaks here
«gesture» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gesture in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A movement of your hand, head or body that shows a meaning, like waving, nodding or pointing.
The tree, 17 words det case nmod:poss nmod punct conj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct mark advcl punct conj cc conj punct root A DET movement NOUN of ADP your PRON hand NOUN , PUNCT head NOUN or CCONJ body NOUN that PRON shows VERB a DET meaning NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ waving VERB , PUNCT nodding VERB or CCONJ pointing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 movement det 2 movement movement NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 hand case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 hand nmod:poss 5 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 2 movement nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 head punct 7 head head NOUN Number=Sing 5 hand conj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 body cc 9 body body NOUN Number=Sing 5 hand conj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 shows nsubj 11 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 movement acl:relcl 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 meaning det 13 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 11 shows obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 waving punct 15 like like SCONJ _ 16 waving mark 16 waving wave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 shows advcl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 nodding punct 18 nodding nod VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 waving conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 pointing cc 20 pointing point VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 waving conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 2 movement punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a movement of your hand and head or body a meaning vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent meaning=Recipient 2 wave gerund a movement of your hand and head or body not said here vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 nod gerund a movement of your hand and head or body not said here vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 point gerund a movement of your hand and head or body not said here vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 move your hand and head or body nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Something you do to show a feeling, especially kindness: «a kind gesture».
The tree, 12 words nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl det obj punct advmod conj punct punct det amod appos punct punct root Something PRON you PRON do VERB to PART show VERB a DET feeling NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV kindness NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET kind ADJ gesture NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 do nsubj 3 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 to to PART _ 5 show mark 5 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 do advcl 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 feeling det 7 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 5 show obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 kindness punct 9 especially especially ADV _ 10 kindness advmod 10 kindness kindness NOUN Number=Sing 7 feeling conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 gesture punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 15 gesture punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 gesture det 14 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 15 gesture amod 15 gesture gesture NOUN Number=Sing 7 feeling appos 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 gesture punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present you vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 show to-infinitive you not said here a feeling and kindness vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent feeling=Recipient
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To move your hand or head to show something: «She gestured to the door».
The tree, 14 words mark nmod:poss obj cc conj mark advcl obj punct punct nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct punct root To PART move VERB your PRON hand NOUN or CCONJ head NOUN to PART show VERB something PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON gestured VERB to ADP the DET door NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 move mark 2 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 hand nmod:poss 4 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 2 move obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 head cc 6 head head NOUN Number=Sing 4 hand conj 7 to to PART _ 8 show mark 8 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 move advcl 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 show obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 gestured punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 gestured punct 12 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 gestured nsubj 13 gestured gesture VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 something acl:relcl 14 to to ADP _ 16 door case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 door det 16 door door NOUN Number=Sing 13 gestured obl 17 » » PUNCT _ 13 gestured punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move to-infinitive your hand or head vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 2 show to-infinitive something vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient 3 gesture in a quote past She the door vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to door=Recipient
Example 1 She waved goodbye – a friendly gesture.
nsubj obj punct det amod obl:unmarked punct root She PRON waved VERB goodbye NOUN – PUNCT a DET friendly ADJ gesture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 waved nsubj 2 waved wave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 2 waved obj 4 – - PUNCT _ 2 waved punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 gesture det 6 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 gesture amod 7 gesture gesture NOUN Number=Sing 2 waved obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 waved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wave past She goodbye a friendly gesture obl:unmarked vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goodbye=Patient
Example 2 Nodding is a gesture that means "yes" in many countries.
nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl punct ccomp punct case amod obl punct root Nodding NOUN is AUX a DET gesture NOUN that PRON means VERB " PUNCT yes INTJ " PUNCT in ADP many ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nodding nodding NOUN Number=Sing 4 gesture nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 gesture cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 gesture det 4 gesture gesture NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 means nsubj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 gesture acl:relcl 7 " " PUNCT _ 8 yes punct 8 yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 6 means ccomp 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 yes punct 10 in in ADP _ 12 countries case 11 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 12 countries amod 12 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 6 means obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 gesture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Nodding a gesture tree rules 2 mean present a gesture in many countries vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in country=Attribute
Example 3 Bringing flowers to the new neighbour was a kind gesture.
csubj obj case det amod obl cop det amod punct root Bringing VERB flowers NOUN to ADP the DET new ADJ neighbour NOUN was AUX a DET kind ADJ gesture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bringing bring VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 gesture csubj 2 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 1 Bringing obj 3 to to ADP _ 6 neighbour case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 neighbour det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 neighbour amod 6 neighbour neighbour NOUN Number=Sing 1 Bringing obl 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 gesture cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 gesture det 9 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 10 gesture amod 10 gesture gesture NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 gesture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring gerund flowers the new neighbour vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent flower=Theme to neighbour=Destination 2 is a past Bringing a kind gesture tree rules
Example 4 The teacher gestured to us to sit down.
det nsubj case obl mark advcl compound:prt punct root The DET teacher NOUN gestured VERB to ADP us PRON to PART sit VERB down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 gestured nsubj 3 gestured gesture VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 us case 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 gestured obl 6 to to PART _ 7 sit mark 7 sit sit VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 gestured advcl 8 down down ADP _ 7 sit compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 gestured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gesture past the teacher us vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to we=Recipient 2 sit down to-infinitive the teacher not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 He made a rude gesture and got into trouble.
nsubj det amod obj cc conj case obl punct root He PRON made VERB a DET rude ADJ gesture NOUN and CCONJ got VERB into ADP trouble NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 gesture det 4 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 5 gesture amod 5 gesture gesture NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 got cc 7 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 made conj 8 into into ADP _ 9 trouble case 9 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 7 got obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past He a rude gesture vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gesture=Product 2 get past He not said here trouble vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into trouble=Destination
Example 6 Sign language uses many gestures.
compound nsubj amod obj punct root Sign NOUN language NOUN uses VERB many ADJ gestures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 2 language compound 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 uses nsubj 3 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 gestures amod 5 gestures gesture NOUN Number=Plur 3 uses obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Sign language many gestures vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gesture=Patient
Example 7 Some gestures mean something different in other countries.
det nsubj obj amod case amod obl punct root Some DET gestures NOUN mean VERB something PRON different ADJ in ADP other ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 gestures det 2 gestures gesture NOUN Number=Plur 3 mean nsubj 3 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 mean obj 5 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 4 something amod 6 in in ADP _ 8 countries case 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 countries amod 8 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 5 different obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present some gestures something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic
Example 8 With a hasty gesture he tried to hide it, but he was too late.
The tree, 14 words case det amod obl nsubj mark xcomp obj punct cc nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct root With ADP a DET hasty ADJ gesture NOUN he PRON tried VERB to PART hide VERB it PRON , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON was AUX too ADV late ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 4 gesture case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 gesture det 3 hasty hasty ADJ Degree=Pos 4 gesture amod 4 gesture gesture NOUN Number=Sing 6 tried obl 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 tried nsubj 6 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 hide mark 8 hide hide VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 tried xcomp 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 hide obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 late punct 11 but but CCONJ _ 15 late cc 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 late nsubj 13 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 late cop 14 too too ADV _ 15 late advmod 15 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tried parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past he with a hasty gesture vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 hide not said to happen to-infinitive he not said here gesture vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 is past he late property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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