giraffe Who acts: giraffe, Giraffes, patches, we, things · What happens: be, eat, have, pattern, call, sleep · To what, where: tall African animal, tallest animal, land, leaves, top, long dark tongues · Speech: someone speaks here
«giraffe» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: giraffe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A giraffe is a very tall African animal with a very long neck, long legs and a coat with brown patches. It is the tallest animal on land.
Sentence 1: A giraffe is a very tall African animal with a very long neck, long legs and a coat with brown patches.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod amod case det advmod amod nmod punct amod conj cc det conj case amod nmod punct root A DET giraffe NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV tall ADJ African ADJ animal NOUN with ADP a DET very ADV long ADJ neck NOUN , PUNCT long ADJ legs NOUN and CCONJ a DET coat NOUN with ADP brown ADJ patches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 giraffe det 2 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 animal det 5 very very ADV _ 6 tall advmod 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 7 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 with with ADP _ 13 neck case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 neck det 11 very very ADV _ 12 long advmod 12 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 13 neck amod 13 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 legs punct 15 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 16 legs amod 16 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 13 neck conj 17 and and CCONJ _ 19 coat cc 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 coat det 19 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 13 neck conj 20 with with ADP _ 22 patches case 21 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 22 patches amod 22 patches patch NOUN Number=Plur 19 coat nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 8 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a giraffe a tall African animal with a long neck and long legs and a coat with brown patches tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It is the tallest animal on land.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root It PRON is AUX the DET tallest ADJ animal NOUN on ADP land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 animal nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 animal cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 animal det 4 tallest tall ADJ Degree=Sup 5 animal amod 5 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 7 land case 7 land land NOUN Number=Sing 5 animal nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present giraffe the tallest animal land tree rules
Example 1 The giraffe ate leaves from the top of the tree.
det nsubj obj case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET giraffe NOUN ate VERB leaves NOUN from ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 giraffe det 2 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 3 ate nsubj 3 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 ate obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 top case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 top det 7 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 ate obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 tree case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tree det 10 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 7 top nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past the giraffe leaves the top of the tree vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
Example 2 A giraffe is the tallest animal on land.
det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root A DET giraffe NOUN is AUX the DET tallest ADJ animal NOUN on ADP land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 giraffe det 2 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animal cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 animal det 5 tallest tall ADJ Degree=Sup 6 animal amod 6 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 8 land case 8 land land NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a giraffe the tallest animal land tree rules
Example 3 Giraffes have very long, dark tongues.
nsubj advmod amod punct amod obj punct root Giraffes NOUN have VERB very ADV long ADJ , PUNCT dark ADJ tongues NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Giraffes giraffe NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 long advmod 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tongues amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 long punct 6 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tongues amod 7 tongues tongue NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Giraffes long dark tongues vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient
Example 4 Each giraffe has its own pattern of patches.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case nmod punct root Each DET giraffe NOUN has VERB its PRON own ADJ pattern NOUN of ADP patches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 giraffe det 2 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 pattern nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pattern amod 6 pattern pattern NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 patches case 8 patches patch NOUN Number=Plur 6 pattern nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each giraffe giraffe's own pattern of patches vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient 2 pattern patches nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: of=agent
Example 5 A baby giraffe is called a calf.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET baby NOUN giraffe NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 giraffe det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 giraffe compound 3 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 calf det 7 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a baby giraffe vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 6 Giraffes sleep for only a short time each day.
nsubj case advmod det amod obl det obl:unmarked punct root Giraffes NOUN sleep VERB for ADP only ADV a DET short ADJ time NOUN each DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Giraffes giraffe NOUN Number=Plur 2 sleep nsubj 2 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 7 time case 4 only only ADV _ 7 time advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 time det 6 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 7 time amod 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleep obl 8 each each DET PronType=Tot 9 day det 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 sleep obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 sleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present Giraffes day; time vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 A giraffe has seven bones in its neck, just like we do.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct advmod mark nsubj parataxis punct root A DET giraffe NOUN has VERB seven NUM bones NOUN in ADP its PRON neck NOUN , PUNCT just ADV like SCONJ we PRON do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 giraffe det 2 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 bones nummod 5 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 neck case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 neck nmod:poss 8 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 5 bones nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 do punct 10 just just ADV _ 13 do advmod 11 like like SCONJ _ 13 do mark 12 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 do nsubj 13 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 has parataxis 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a giraffe seven bones giraffe's neck vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient 2 do present we vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 The things that were missed were nothing much at first--a few little elephants, a hippopotamus or two, and some giraffes, and things like that.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl cop amod case obl punct det amod amod conj punct det conj cc conj punct cc det conj punct cc conj case nmod punct root The DET things NOUN that PRON were AUX missed VERB were AUX nothing PRON much ADJ at ADP first ADV -- PUNCT a DET few ADJ little ADJ elephants NOUN , PUNCT a DET hippopotamus NOUN or CCONJ two NUM , PUNCT and CCONJ some DET giraffes NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ things NOUN like ADP that PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 things det 2 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 nothing nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 missed nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 missed aux:pass 5 missed miss VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 things acl:relcl 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 nothing cop 7 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg root root 8 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 7 nothing amod 9 at at ADP _ 10 first case 10 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 much obl 11 -- -- PUNCT _ 15 elephants punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 elephants det 13 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 15 elephants amod 14 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 15 elephants amod 15 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 7 nothing conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 hippopotamus punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 hippopotamus det 18 hippopotamus hippopotamus NOUN Number=Sing 7 nothing conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 two cc 20 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 hippopotamus conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 24 giraffes punct 22 and and CCONJ _ 24 giraffes cc 23 some some DET PronType=Ind 24 giraffes det 24 giraffes giraffe NOUN Number=Plur 7 nothing conj 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 things punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 things cc 27 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 nothing conj 28 like like ADP _ 29 that case 29 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 27 things nmod 30 . . PUNCT _ 7 nothing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 miss past · passive the things vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus 2 is a past the things nothing tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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