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glum

Who acts: you, Tom, rain, She, class, dog · What happens: look, be, lose, make, sit, cheer up · To what, where: match, bit glum, everyone, glum face, break, dog

«glum» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: glum in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Sad and quiet, looking unhappy and disappointed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 quiet	cc
3	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Sad	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 looking	punct
5	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Sad	advcl
6	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 looking	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 disappointed	cc
8	disappointed	disappointed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 unhappy	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Sad	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	gerund						unhappy property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Why do you look so glum?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 look	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 look	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 look	nsubj
4	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 glum	advmod
6	glum	glum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 look	xcomp
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present · do-support	you					glum property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 2

Tom was glum after losing the match.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 glum	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 glum	cop
3	glum	glum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	after	after	SCONJ	_	5 losing	mark
5	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 glum	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 match	det
7	match	match	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 losing	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 glum	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Tom					glum property	tree rules
2	lose	gerund	Tom not said here	the match					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality

Example 3

The rain made everyone a bit glum.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rain	det
2	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	3 made	obj
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 glum	det
6	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 glum	compound
7	glum	glum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the rain	a bit glum	everyone				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset everyone=Beneficiary glum=Product

Example 4

She sat glumly by the window.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sat	nsubj
2	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	glumly	glumly	ADV	_	2 sat	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 window	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 window	det
6	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sat	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	past	She					by the window; glumly property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by window=Location

Example 5

Cheer up, glum face!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cheer	cheer	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Cheer	compound:prt
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 face	punct
4	glum	glum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 face	amod
5	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Cheer	obl
6	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Cheer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cheer up	imperative	you not said here	glum face					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 6

The class went glum when break was cancelled.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 class	det
2	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	nsubj
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	glum	glum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 went	xcomp
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 cancelled	advmod
6	break	break	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cancelled	nsubj:pass
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 cancelled	aux:pass
8	cancelled	cancel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 went	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	the class					glum property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cancel	past · passive		break					tree rules

Example 7

“A dog it is,” growled the glum servant.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	8 growled	punct
2	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 dog	det
3	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 growled	nsubj
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 is	nsubj
5	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dog	acl:relcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 dog	punct
7	”	"	PUNCT	_	3 dog	punct
8	growled	growl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 servant	det
10	glum	glum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 servant	amod
11	servant	servant	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 growled	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 growled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be in a quote	present	dog	a dog not said here					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dog=Theme
2	growl	past	a dog	the glum servant					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent servant=Topic

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/glum/