gothic

Who acts: Gothic stories, Gothic windows, haunted castle, teenage cousin, We, Goths · What happens: build, stain, be, have, haunt, feel · To what, where: many churches, spooky tales, Westminster, Gothic style, pointed tops, Goth music

«gothic» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gothic in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: architecture, history — kept apart, not parsed.

In the style of many churches and cathedrals built in Europe from about 1150 to 1500, with pointed arches, tall spires and big stained-glass windows.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 style	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 style	det
3	style	style	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 churches	case
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 churches	amod
6	churches	church	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 style	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 cathedrals	cc
8	cathedrals	cathedral	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 churches	conj
9	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 churches	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 Europe	case
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 built	obl
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 1150	case
13	about	about	ADV	_	14 1150	advmod
14	1150	1150	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 built	obl
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 1500	case
16	1500	1500	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 1150	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 arches	punct
18	with	with	ADP	_	20 arches	case
19	pointed	pointed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 arches	amod
20	arches	arch	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 built	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 spires	punct
22	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 spires	amod
23	spires	spire	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 arches	conj
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 windows	cc
25	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 windows	amod
26	stained	stain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	28 glass	amod
27	-	-	PUNCT	_	26 stained	punct
28	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 windows	compound
29	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 arches	conj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 style	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	participle		many churches and cathedrals not said here				from 1150 to 1500; with pointed arches and tall spires and big glass windows; in Europe	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in europe=Attribute
2	stain	participle							vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: stories — kept apart, not parsed.

Gothic stories are spooky tales with old castles, ghosts, dark nights and mystery.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stories	amod
2	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tales	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tales	cop
4	spooky	spooky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 tales	amod
5	tales	tale	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 castles	case
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 castles	amod
8	castles	castle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tales	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 ghosts	punct
10	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 castles	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 nights	punct
12	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 nights	amod
13	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tales	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 mystery	cc
15	mystery	mystery	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 nights	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 tales	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Gothic stories	spooky tales			night	with old castles and ghosts	tree rules

Meaning 3

Of the Goths, an old Germanic people, or their language.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	3 Goths	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Goths	det
3	Goths	Goth	PROPN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 people	punct
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 people	det
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 people	amod
7	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 people	amod
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 Goths	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 language	punct
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 language	cc
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 language	nmod:poss
12	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Goths	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 Goths	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 4

Usage: Goth, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

a style of dress and music with black clothes and dark make-up.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 style	det
2	style	style	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 dress	case
4	dress	dress	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 style	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 music	cc
6	music	music	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dress	conj
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 clothes	case
8	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 clothes	amod
9	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 music	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 up	cc
11	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 up	amod
12	make	make	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 up	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 up	punct
14	up	up	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 style	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 style	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

Westminster Abbey is built in the Gothic style.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Westminster	Westminster	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 built	nsubj:pass
2	Abbey	Abbey	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Westminster	flat
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 built	aux:pass
4	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 style	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 style	det
7	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 style	amod
8	style	style	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 built	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present · passive		Westminster		the Gothic style			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Example 2

Gothic windows have pointed tops.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 windows	amod
2	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	pointed	pointed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 tops	amod
5	tops	top	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Gothic windows	pointed tops					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent top=Patient

Example 3

The haunted castle in the story felt very gothic.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 castle	det
2	haunted	haunt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 castle	amod
3	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 felt	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 story	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 story	det
6	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 castle	nmod
7	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 gothic	advmod
9	gothic	gothic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 felt	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 felt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	haunt	participle							vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	feel	past	the haunted castle in the story					gothic property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 4

Her teenage cousin likes Goth music and black clothes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 cousin	nmod:poss
2	teenage	teenage	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cousin	amod
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 likes	nsubj
4	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Goth	Goth	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 music	compound
6	music	music	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 likes	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 clothes	cc
8	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 clothes	amod
9	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 music	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 likes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	present	Her teenage cousin	Goth music and black clothes					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot music=Theme

Example 5

We drew a Gothic cathedral with flying buttresses.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 drew	nsubj
2	drew	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cathedral	det
4	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cathedral	amod
5	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drew	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 buttresses	case
7	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 buttresses	amod
8	buttresses	buttress	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cathedral	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 drew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	past	We	a Gothic cathedral				with flying buttresses	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cathedral=Theme
2	fly	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 6

The old Bible was printed in Gothic letters.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Bible	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Bible	amod
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 printed	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 printed	aux:pass
5	printed	print	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 letters	case
7	Gothic	gothic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 letters	amod
8	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 printed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 printed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	print	past · passive		the old Bible		Gothic letters			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in letter=Destination

Example 7

The Goths were a people who fought against Rome.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Goths	det
2	Goths	Goth	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 people	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 people	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 people	det
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 fought	nsubj
7	fought	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 people	acl:relcl
8	against	against	ADP	_	9 Rome	case
9	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 fought	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 people	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the Goths	a people					tree rules
2	fight	past	a people					against Rome	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 8

Its walls are built of coral, and the long, gothic windows are of the clearest amber.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 walls	nmod:poss
2	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 built	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 built	aux:pass
4	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 coral	case
6	coral	coral	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 built	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 amber	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 amber	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 windows	det
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 windows	amod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 long	punct
12	gothic	gothic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 windows	amod
13	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 amber	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 amber	cop
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 amber	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 amber	det
17	clearest	clear	ADJ	Degree=Sup	18 amber	amod
18	amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 built	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present · passive		Its walls				of coral	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	is	present	the long gothic windows					of the clearest amber	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gothic/