gourd

Who acts: gourd, traveller, We, Pumpkins, people, you · What happens: dry, hollow out, make, use, mean, drink · To what, where: pumpkins, bowl, dried gourd, water, gourd, gourds

«gourd» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gourd in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A large fruit with a hard skin, related to pumpkins and melons, often dried and hollowed out.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 fruit	det
2	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fruit	amod
3	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 skin	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 skin	det
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 skin	amod
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fruit	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 related	punct
9	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fruit	amod
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 pumpkins	case
11	pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 related	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 melons	cc
13	melons	melon	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 pumpkins	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 dried	punct
15	often	often	ADV	_	16 dried	advmod
16	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 pumpkins	acl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 hollowed	cc
18	hollowed	hollow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 dried	conj
19	out	out	ADP	_	18 hollowed	compound:prt
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fruit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry	participle		pumpkins and melons not said here				often property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	hollow out	participle							vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A container, bottle or bowl made from a dried gourd, used for water or as a musical rattle.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 container	det
2	container	container	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 bottle	punct
4	bottle	bottle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 container	conj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 bowl	cc
6	bowl	bowl	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 container	conj
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 bowl	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	11 gourd	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 gourd	det
10	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 gourd	amod
11	gourd	gourd	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 made	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 used	punct
13	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 gourd	acl
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 water	case
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 used	obl
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 rattle	cc
17	as	as	ADP	_	20 rattle	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 rattle	det
19	musical	musical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 rattle	amod
20	rattle	rattle	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 water	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 container	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	participle	bowl not said here	a dried gourd		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from gourd=Material
2	dry	participle				vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	use	participle	a dried gourd not said here		for water or a musical rattle	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Usage: US, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

Out of your gourd means crazy or silly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Out	out	ADP	_	4 gourd	case
2	of	of	ADP	_	1 Out	fixed
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 gourd	nmod:poss
4	gourd	gourd	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	crazy	crazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 means	xcomp
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 silly	cc
8	silly	silly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 crazy	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	your gourd					crazy property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Example 1

The traveller drank water from a gourd.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 traveller	det
2	traveller	traveller	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drank	nsubj
3	drank	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drank	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 gourd	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 gourd	det
7	gourd	gourd	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drank	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 drank	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	past	the traveller	water		a gourd			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Example 2

We painted gourds for the harvest festival.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 painted	nsubj
2	painted	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gourds	gourd	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 painted	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	7 festival	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 festival	det
6	harvest	harvest	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 festival	compound
7	festival	festival	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 painted	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 painted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	past	We	gourds				for the harvest festival	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent gourd=Result for festival=Beneficiary

Example 3

Maracas were first made from dried gourds.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Maracas	maraca	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
3	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 made	advmod
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 gourds	case
6	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gourds	amod
7	gourds	gourd	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive		Maracas		dried gourds		first property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from gourd=Material
2	dry	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 4

Pumpkins, squashes and gourds belong to the same family.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 belong	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 squashes	punct
3	squashes	squash	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Pumpkins	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 gourds	cc
5	gourds	gourd	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Pumpkins	conj
6	belong	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 family	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 family	det
9	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 family	amod
10	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 belong	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 belong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	belong	present	Pumpkins and squashes and gourds					to the same family	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

Example 5

In Argentina people drink mate tea from a gourd.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Argentina	case
2	Argentina	Argentina	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 drink	obl
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 drink	nsubj
4	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tea	compound
6	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drink	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 gourd	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 gourd	det
9	gourd	gourd	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drink	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 drink	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present	people	mate tea		Argentina		from a gourd	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tea=Patient

Example 6

Are you out of your gourd? It's snowing and you're in shorts!

Sentence 1: Are you out of your gourd?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 gourd	cop
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 gourd	nsubj
3	out	out	ADP	_	6 gourd	case
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 gourd	case
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 gourd	nmod:poss
6	gourd	gourd	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 gourd	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	you			your gourd			tree rules

Sentence 2: It's snowing and you're in shorts!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 snowing	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 snowing	aux
3	snowing	snow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 shorts	cc
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 shorts	nsubj
6	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 shorts	cop
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 shorts	case
8	shorts	short	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 snowing	conj
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 snowing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	snow	present · progressive	It						vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
2	is	present	you			shorts			tree rules

Example 7

Here he was seized with dreadful thirst; he took his gourd and raised it to his lips.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 seized	advmod
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 seized	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 seized	aux:pass
4	seized	seize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 thirst	case
6	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 thirst	amod
7	thirst	thirst	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seized	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 took	punct
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 took	nsubj
10	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 seized	conj
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 gourd	nmod:poss
12	gourd	gourd	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 took	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 raised	cc
14	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 took	conj
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 raised	obj
16	to	to	ADP	_	18 lips	case
17	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 lips	nmod:poss
18	lips	lip	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 raised	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seized	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	seize	past · passive		he	here	with dreadful thirst	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	take	past	he	his gourd			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gourd=Theme
3	raise	past	he not said here	gourd	his lips		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to lip=Destination

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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