gradual

Who acts: slope, gradual change, path, reading, Her, river · What happens: happen, rise, fall, be, have, walk up · To what, where: gradual slope, gradual improvement, term, gradual erosion, bank, snow

«gradual» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gradual in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Happening slowly and little by little over time, not suddenly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Happening	happen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	1 Happening	advmod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 little	cc
4	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 slowly	conj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 little	case
6	little	little	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Happening	obl
7	over	over	ADP	_	8 time	case
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Happening	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 suddenly	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 suddenly	advmod
11	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	1 Happening	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Happening	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	gerund					time	slowly, suddenly property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by little=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Of a slope: rising or falling gently, not steeply.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	3 slope	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 slope	det
3	slope	slope	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 rising	punct
5	rising	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 slope	acl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 falling	cc
7	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 rising	conj
8	gently	gently	ADV	_	7 falling	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 steeply	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 steeply	advmod
11	steeply	steeply	ADV	_	7 falling	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 slope	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rise	gerund	a slope not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	fall	gerund	a slope not said here					gently, steeply property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 1

There was a gradual change in the colour of the leaves.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 change	det
4	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 change	amod
5	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	nsubj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 colour	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 colour	det
8	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 change	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 leaves	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 leaves	det
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 colour	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 was	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	a gradual change in the colour of the leaves			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

The path has a gradual slope, so it is easy to walk up.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 path	det
2	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 slope	det
5	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 slope	amod
6	slope	slope	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 easy	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 easy	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 easy	expl
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 easy	cop
11	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 has	parataxis
12	to	to	PART	_	13 walk	mark
13	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 easy	xcomp
14	up	up	ADP	_	13 walk	compound:prt
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	the path	a gradual slope		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slope=Patient
2	is	present			easy property	tree rules
3	walk up	to-infinitive				vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 3

Her reading showed gradual improvement over the term.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 reading	nmod:poss
2	reading	reading	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 showed	nsubj
3	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 improvement	amod
5	improvement	improvement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 showed	obj
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 term	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 term	det
8	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 showed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 showed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	Her reading	gradual improvement		the term			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent improvement=Recipient
2	read		Her = she						nom reading «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Example 4

The river caused gradual erosion of the bank.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 river	det
2	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	nsubj
3	caused	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 erosion	amod
5	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 bank	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bank	det
8	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 erosion	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 caused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	past	the river	gradual erosion of the bank					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition erosion=Patient
2	erode			the bank					nom erosion «process transitive»: of=patient

Example 5

The gradual rise in temperature melted the snow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 rise	det
2	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 rise	amod
3	rise	rise	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 melted	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 temperature	case
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rise	nmod
6	melted	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 snow	det
8	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 melted	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 melted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	past	the gradual rise in temperature	the snow					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient snow=Result

Example 6

Learning to swim is a gradual process.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 process	csubj
2	to	to	PART	_	3 swim	mark
3	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Learning	xcomp
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 process	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 process	det
6	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 process	amod
7	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 process	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	learn	gerund			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	swim	to-infinitive			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is a	present	Learning	a gradual process	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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