grafting Who acts: Grafting, they, gardeners, Graft, gardener, one tree · What happens: join, cut, grow, do, move, repair · To what, where: piece, one plant, healthy skin, one part, Grafting, power · Speech: someone speaks here
«grafting» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grafting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Grafting is joining a piece cut from one plant onto another plant so that they grow together, as gardeners do with apple trees.
The tree, 23 words nsubj aux det obj acl case nummod obl case det obl mark fixed nsubj advcl advmod punct mark nsubj conj case compound obl punct root Grafting NOUN is AUX joining VERB a DET piece NOUN cut VERB from ADP one NUM plant NOUN onto ADP another DET plant NOUN so SCONJ that SCONJ they PRON grow VERB together ADV , PUNCT as SCONJ gardeners NOUN do VERB with ADP apple NOUN trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grafting grafting NOUN Number=Sing 3 joining nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 joining aux 3 joining join VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 3 joining obj 6 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 piece acl 7 from from ADP _ 9 plant case 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 plant nummod 9 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 6 cut obl 10 onto onto ADP _ 12 plant case 11 another another DET PronType=Ind 12 plant det 12 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 6 cut obl 13 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 16 grow mark 14 that that SCONJ _ 13 so fixed 15 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 grow nsubj 16 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 joining advcl 17 together together ADV _ 16 grow advmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 do punct 19 as as SCONJ _ 21 do mark 20 gardeners gardener NOUN Number=Plur 21 do nsubj 21 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 joining conj 22 with with ADP _ 24 trees case 23 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 24 trees compound 24 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 21 do obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 3 joining punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 join present · progressive Grafting a piece vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient 2 cut participle a piece not said here one plant onto another plant vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from plant=Initial_Location onto plant=Destination 3 grow present they together property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 do present gardeners with apple trees vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.
Grafting is moving healthy skin or other tissue from one part of the body to another to repair it, for example after a bad burn.
The tree, 25 words nsubj aux amod obj cc amod conj case nummod obl case det nmod case obl mark advcl obj punct case obl case det amod obl punct root Grafting NOUN is AUX moving VERB healthy ADJ skin NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ tissue NOUN from ADP one NUM part NOUN of ADP the DET body NOUN to ADP another DET to PART repair VERB it PRON , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN after ADP a DET bad ADJ burn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grafting grafting NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 moving aux 3 moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 healthy healthy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 skin amod 5 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 tissue cc 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tissue amod 8 tissue tissue NOUN Number=Sing 5 skin conj 9 from from ADP _ 11 part case 10 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 part nummod 11 part part NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving obl 12 of of ADP _ 14 body case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 body det 14 body body NOUN Number=Sing 11 part nmod 15 to to ADP _ 16 another case 16 another another DET PronType=Ind 3 moving obl 17 to to PART _ 18 repair mark 18 repair repair VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 moving advcl 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 repair obj 20 , , PUNCT _ 22 example punct 21 for for ADP _ 22 example case 22 example example NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving obl 23 after after ADP _ 26 burn case 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 burn det 25 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 26 burn amod 26 burn burn NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 3 moving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move present · progressive Grafting healthy skin or other tissue one part of the body after a bad burn to another result ; for example vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Patient skin=Extent from part=Initial_State to another=Result 2 repair to-infinitive Grafting not said here Grafting vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: UK, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Grafting means working very hard, especially at tiring work: «He's been grafting all day».
The tree, 15 words nsubj xcomp advmod advmod punct advmod case amod obl punct punct nsubj aux aux parataxis det obl:unmarked punct punct root Grafting NOUN means VERB working VERB very ADV hard ADV , PUNCT especially ADV at ADP tiring ADJ work NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON 's AUX been AUX grafting VERB all DET day NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grafting grafting NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 very very ADV _ 5 hard advmod 5 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 3 working advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 work punct 7 especially especially ADV _ 10 work advmod 8 at at ADP _ 10 work case 9 tiring tiring ADJ Degree=Pos 10 work amod 10 work work NOUN Number=Sing 3 working obl 11 : : PUNCT _ 16 grafting punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 grafting punct 13 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 grafting nsubj 14 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 grafting aux 15 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 16 grafting aux 16 grafting graft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means parataxis 17 all all DET PronType=Tot 18 day det 18 day day NOUN Number=Sing 16 grafting obl:unmarked 19 » » PUNCT _ 16 grafting punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Grafting vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 work not said to happen gerund Grafting not said here at tiring work; hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at work=Theme 3 graft in a quote present · progressive Grafting day vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.
Graft is also using power dishonestly to get money, a kind of corruption.
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux advmod obj advmod mark advcl obj punct det parataxis case nmod punct root Graft NOUN is AUX also ADV using VERB power NOUN dishonestly ADV to PART get VERB money NOUN , PUNCT a DET kind NOUN of ADP corruption NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 4 using nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 using aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 using advmod 4 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 power power NOUN Number=Sing 4 using obj 6 dishonestly dishonestly ADV _ 4 using advmod 7 to to PART _ 8 get mark 8 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 using advcl 9 money money NOUN Number=Sing 8 get obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 kind punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 kind det 12 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 4 using parataxis 13 of of ADP _ 14 corruption case 14 corruption corruption NOUN Number=Sing 12 kind nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 using punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · progressive Graft power dishonestly property vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient 2 get to-infinitive Graft not said here money vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus
Example 1 The gardener is grafting a branch onto the apple tree.
det nsubj aux det obj case det compound obl punct root The DET gardener NOUN is AUX grafting VERB a DET branch NOUN onto ADP the DET apple NOUN tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 gardener det 2 gardener gardener NOUN Number=Sing 4 grafting nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 grafting aux 4 grafting graft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 branch det 6 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing 4 grafting obj 7 onto onto ADP _ 10 tree case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tree det 9 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 10 tree compound 10 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 grafting obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 grafting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graft present · progressive the gardener a branch the apple tree vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Patient
Example 2 Grafting lets one tree grow two kinds of apples.
nsubj nummod nsubj xcomp nummod obj case nmod punct root Grafting NOUN lets VERB one NUM tree NOUN grow VERB two NUM kinds NOUN of ADP apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grafting grafting NOUN Number=Sing 2 lets nsubj 2 lets let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 tree nummod 4 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 grow nsubj 5 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 lets xcomp 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 kinds nummod 7 kinds kind NOUN Number=Plur 5 grow obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 apples case 9 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 7 kinds nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 lets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present Grafting tree rules 2 grow present one tree two kinds of apples vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location kind=Theme
Example 3 After the fire she needed skin grafting on her arm.
case det obl nsubj obj acl case nmod:poss obl punct root After ADP the DET fire NOUN she PRON needed VERB skin NOUN grafting VERB on ADP her PRON arm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 fire case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fire det 3 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 5 needed obl 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 needed nsubj 5 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 5 needed obj 7 grafting graft VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 skin acl 8 on on ADP _ 10 arm case 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 arm nmod:poss 10 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 7 grafting obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 needed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need past she skin after the fire vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot skin=Theme 2 graft gerund skin not said here her arm vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 4 (UK) Dad's been grafting on the building site all week.
punct compound punct nsubj aux aux case det compound obl det obl:unmarked punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT Dad PROPN 's AUX been AUX grafting VERB on ADP the DET building NOUN site NOUN all DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 4 Dad compound 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 4 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 7 grafting nsubj 5 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 grafting aux 6 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 grafting aux 7 grafting graft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 8 on on ADP _ 11 site case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 site det 10 building building NOUN Number=Sing 11 site compound 11 site site NOUN Number=Sing 7 grafting obl 12 all all DET PronType=Tot 13 week det 13 week week NOUN Number=Sing 7 grafting obl:unmarked 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 grafting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graft present · progressive UK Dad the building site week vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 (UK) Our team won because everyone was grafting.
punct nsubj punct nmod:poss nsubj mark nsubj aux advcl punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT Our PRON team NOUN won VERB because SCONJ everyone PRON was AUX grafting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 6 won nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 4 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 team nmod:poss 5 team team NOUN Number=Sing 6 won nsubj 6 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 because because SCONJ _ 10 grafting mark 8 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 10 grafting nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 grafting aux 10 grafting graft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 won advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past UK vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 graft past · progressive everyone vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 6 (UK) Learning to play the piano takes hard graft.
punct nsubj punct csubj mark xcomp det obj amod obj punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT Learning VERB to PART play VERB the DET piano NOUN takes VERB hard ADJ graft NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 4 Learning nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 4 Learning learn VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 takes csubj 5 to to PART _ 6 play mark 6 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 Learning xcomp 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 piano det 8 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 6 play obj 9 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 11 graft amod 11 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 9 takes obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn gerund UK vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 play to-infinitive UK not said here the piano vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Theme 3 take present Learning hard graft vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent graft=Theme
Example 7 (US) The mayor was accused of graft.
punct nsubj:pass punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root ( PUNCT US PROPN ) PUNCT The DET mayor NOUN was AUX accused VERB of ADP graft NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 US punct 2 US US PROPN Number=Sing 7 accused nsubj:pass 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 US punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 mayor det 5 mayor mayor NOUN Number=Sing 7 accused nsubj:pass 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 accused aux:pass 7 accused accuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 graft case 9 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 7 accused obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 accused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accuse past · passive US of graft vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme of graft=Attribute
Example 8 We tried grafting cactus plants in science club.
nsubj xcomp compound obj case compound obl punct root We PRON tried VERB grafting VERB cactus NOUN plants NOUN in ADP science NOUN club NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tried nsubj 2 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 grafting graft VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 tried xcomp 4 cactus cactus NOUN Number=Sing 5 plants compound 5 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 grafting obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 club case 7 science science NOUN Number=Sing 8 club compound 8 club club NOUN Number=Sing 3 grafting obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past We vn try-61.1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 graft not said to happen gerund We not said here cactus plants science club vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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