graft Who acts: graft, they, surgeon, Grandad, It, UK · What happens: be, move, repair, join, grow, get · To what, where: piece, other body tissue, part, cut piece, plant, hard work
«graft» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: graft in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A graft is a piece of skin, bone or other body tissue moved by a surgeon to repair another part of the body.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det case nmod punct conj cc amod compound conj acl case det obl mark advcl det obj case det nmod punct root A DET graft NOUN is AUX a DET piece NOUN of ADP skin NOUN , PUNCT bone NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ body NOUN tissue NOUN moved VERB by ADP a DET surgeon NOUN to PART repair VERB another DET part NOUN of ADP the DET body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 graft det 2 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 skin case 7 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 bone punct 9 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 tissue cc 11 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 13 tissue amod 12 body body NOUN Number=Sing 13 tissue compound 13 tissue tissue NOUN Number=Sing 9 bone conj 14 moved move VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 13 tissue acl 15 by by ADP _ 17 surgeon case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 surgeon det 17 surgeon surgeon NOUN Number=Sing 14 moved obl 18 to to PART _ 19 repair mark 19 repair repair VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 moved advcl 20 another another DET PronType=Ind 21 part det 21 part part NOUN Number=Sing 19 repair obj 22 of of ADP _ 24 body case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 body det 24 body body NOUN Number=Sing 21 part nmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a graft a piece and bone or other body tissue of skin tree rules 2 move participle other body tissue not said here by a surgeon vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by surgeon=Trajectory 3 repair to-infinitive another part of the body vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent part=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A graft is also a cut piece of a plant joined onto another plant so they grow together.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod case det nmod acl case det obl advmod nsubj advcl advmod punct root A DET graft NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET cut ADJ piece NOUN of ADP a DET plant NOUN joined VERB onto ADP another DET plant NOUN so ADV they PRON grow VERB together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 graft det 2 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 7 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 piece cop 4 also also ADV _ 7 piece advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 piece det 6 cut cut ADJ Degree=Pos 7 piece amod 7 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 plant case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plant det 10 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 7 piece nmod 11 joined join VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 plant acl 12 onto onto ADP _ 14 plant case 13 another another DET PronType=Ind 14 plant det 14 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 11 joined obl 15 so so ADV _ 17 grow advmod 16 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 grow nsubj 17 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 joined advcl 18 together together ADV _ 17 grow advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a graft a cut piece of a plant tree rules 2 join participle a plant not said here another plant vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 grow present they together property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: UK, Australia, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Graft is hard work.
nsubj cop amod punct root Graft NOUN is AUX hard ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 4 work nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 work cop 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 4 work amod 4 work work NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Graft hard work tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.
Graft is dishonest use of power to get money, like a bribe.
nsubj cop amod case nmod mark acl obj punct case det obl punct root Graft NOUN is AUX dishonest ADJ use NOUN of ADP power NOUN to PART get VERB money NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET bribe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 4 use nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 use cop 3 dishonest dishonest ADJ Degree=Pos 4 use amod 4 use use NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 power case 6 power power NOUN Number=Sing 4 use nmod 7 to to PART _ 8 get mark 8 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 use acl 9 money money NOUN Number=Sing 8 get obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 bribe punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 bribe case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bribe det 13 bribe bribe NOUN Number=Sing 8 get obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Graft dishonest use of power tree rules 2 get to-infinitive money like a bribe vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus
Meaning 5 As a verb, to graft means to join a plant or tissue onto another, or (UK informal) to work hard.
The tree, 20 words case det obl punct mark nsubj mark xcomp det obj cc conj case obl punct cc punct compound parataxis punct mark advcl advmod punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART graft NOUN means VERB to PART join VERB a DET plant NOUN or CCONJ tissue NOUN onto ADP another DET , PUNCT or CCONJ ( PUNCT UK PROPN informal ADJ ) PUNCT to PART work VERB hard ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 verb punct 5 to to PART _ 6 graft mark 6 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 join mark 9 join join VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means xcomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 plant det 11 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 9 join obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 tissue cc 13 tissue tissue NOUN Number=Sing 11 plant conj 14 onto onto ADP _ 15 another case 15 another another DET PronType=Ind 9 join obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 informal punct 17 or or CCONJ _ 20 informal cc 18 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 informal punct 19 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 20 informal compound 20 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 7 means parataxis 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 informal punct 22 to to PART _ 23 work mark 23 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 informal advcl 24 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 23 work advmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present graft as a verb vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 join not said to happen to-infinitive graft not said here a plant or tissue another vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient 3 work to-infinitive graft not said here hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The surgeon used a skin graft to cover the burn.
det nsubj det compound obj mark advcl det obj punct root The DET surgeon NOUN used VERB a DET skin NOUN graft NOUN to PART cover VERB the DET burn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 surgeon det 2 surgeon surgeon NOUN Number=Sing 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 graft det 5 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 6 graft compound 6 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 7 to to PART _ 8 cover mark 8 cover cover VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 burn det 10 burn burn NOUN Number=Sing 8 cover obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the surgeon a skin graft vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent graft=Patient 2 cover to-infinitive the surgeon not said here the burn vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme burn=Destination
Example 2 Grandad grafted a pear branch onto the old tree.
nsubj det compound obj case det amod obl punct root Grandad PROPN grafted VERB a DET pear NOUN branch NOUN onto ADP the DET old ADJ tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 grafted nsubj 2 grafted graft VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 branch det 4 pear pear NOUN Number=Sing 5 branch compound 5 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing 2 grafted obj 6 onto onto ADP _ 9 tree case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 tree det 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tree amod 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 grafted obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 grafted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graft past Grandad a pear branch the old tree vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Patient
Example 3 Most apple trees are grown by grafting.
amod compound nsubj aux:pass mark advcl punct root Most ADJ apple NOUN trees NOUN are AUX grown VERB by SCONJ grafting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 3 trees amod 2 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 3 trees compound 3 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 5 grown nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 grown aux:pass 5 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 grafting mark 7 grafting graft VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 grown advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 grown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · passive Most apple trees vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme 2 graft gerund vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 4 (UK) It took a lot of hard graft to build the shed.
The tree, 12 words punct obl punct nsubj det obj case amod nmod mark advcl det obj punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT It PRON took VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP hard ADJ graft NOUN to PART build VERB the DET shed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 5 took obl 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 4 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 took nsubj 5 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 lot det 7 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 5 took obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 graft case 9 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 10 graft amod 10 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 7 lot nmod 11 to to PART _ 12 build mark 12 build build VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 took advcl 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 shed det 14 shed shed NOUN Number=Sing 12 build obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past It UK vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme 2 build to-infinitive the shed vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shed=Product
Example 5 (UK) He's a real grafter; he never stops working.
punct nsubj punct nsubj cop det amod punct nsubj advmod conj xcomp punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT He PRON 's AUX a DET real ADJ grafter NOUN ; PUNCT he PRON never ADV stops VERB working VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 8 grafter nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 4 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 grafter nsubj 5 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 grafter cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 grafter det 7 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 8 grafter amod 8 grafter grafter NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 stops punct 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 stops nsubj 11 never never ADV PronType=Neg 12 stops advmod 12 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 grafter conj 13 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 stops xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 grafter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present UK a real grafter tree rules 2 not stop present UK vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 work gerund UK not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 (US) The mayor went to prison for graft.
punct nsubj punct det nsubj case obl case obl punct root ( PUNCT US PROPN ) PUNCT The DET mayor NOUN went VERB to ADP prison NOUN for ADP graft NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 US punct 2 US US PROPN Number=Sing 6 went nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 US punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 mayor det 5 mayor mayor NOUN Number=Sing 6 went nsubj 6 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to ADP _ 8 prison case 8 prison prison NOUN Number=Sing 6 went obl 9 for for ADP _ 10 graft case 10 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 6 went obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past US prison for graft vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to prison=Initial_Location
Example 7 (Australia) Winning the cup took years of graft.
punct obl punct csubj det obj obj case nmod punct root ( PUNCT Australia PROPN ) PUNCT Winning VERB the DET cup NOUN took VERB years NOUN of ADP graft NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Australia punct 2 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 7 took obl 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Australia punct 4 Winning win VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 took csubj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cup det 6 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 4 Winning obj 7 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 7 took obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 graft case 10 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 8 years nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win gerund the cup vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Eventuality 2 take past Winning Australia year vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 8 The bone graft helped her broken leg heal.
det compound nsubj obj amod nsubj ccomp punct root The DET bone NOUN graft NOUN helped VERB her PRON broken VERB leg NOUN heal VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 graft det 2 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 3 graft compound 3 graft graft NOUN Number=Sing 4 helped nsubj 4 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 helped obj 6 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 leg amod 7 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 8 heal nsubj 8 heal heal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 helped ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past the bone graft her = she vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 heal present broken leg vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous graffitinext → grafting↑ back to G in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/graft/