graffiti

Who acts: Words, council, graffiti artist, Writing, graffiti, class · What happens: paint, spray, scratch, make, cover, clean · To what, where: walls, bus shelter, graffiti, school wall, beautiful mural, wall

«graffiti» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: graffiti in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Words or pictures painted, sprayed or scratched on walls, trains or other public places, usually without permission.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 painted	nsubj
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 pictures	cc
3	pictures	picture	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Words	conj
4	painted	paint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 sprayed	punct
6	sprayed	spray	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 painted	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 scratched	cc
8	scratched	scratch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 sprayed	conj
9	on	on	ADP	_	10 walls	case
10	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 scratched	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 trains	punct
12	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 walls	conj
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 places	cc
14	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 places	amod
15	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 places	amod
16	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 walls	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 permission	punct
18	usually	usually	ADV	_	20 permission	advmod
19	without	without	ADP	_	20 permission	case
20	permission	permission	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 painted	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 painted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	paint	participle	Words or pictures		without permission	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	spray	participle	Words or pictures not said here			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
3	scratch	participle	Words or pictures not said here	walls and trains or other public places		vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent on wall=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Street art: large, colourful paintings on walls, sometimes made with permission.

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Street	Street	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 art	compound
2	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 paintings	punct
4	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 paintings	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 large	punct
6	colourful	colourful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 paintings	amod
7	paintings	painting	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 art	appos
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 walls	case
9	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 paintings	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 made	punct
11	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	12 made	advmod
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 walls	acl
13	with	with	ADP	_	14 permission	case
14	permission	permission	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 art	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		walls not said here				with permission; sometimes property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Example 1

The bus shelter was covered in graffiti.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 shelter	det
2	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shelter	compound
3	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 covered	aux:pass
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 graffiti	case
7	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 covered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	past · passive		the bus shelter				in graffiti	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in graffiti=Theme

Example 2

The council cleaned the graffiti off the school wall.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 council	det
2	council	council	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaned	nsubj
3	cleaned	clean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 graffiti	det
5	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaned	obj
6	off	off	ADP	_	9 wall	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wall	det
8	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wall	compound
9	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaned	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cleaned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean	past	the council	the graffiti		the school wall			vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent graffiti=Theme off wall=Source

Example 3

A graffiti artist painted a beautiful mural with permission.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 artist	det
2	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 artist	compound
3	artist	artist	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 painted	nsubj
4	painted	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 mural	det
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mural	amod
7	mural	mural	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 painted	obj
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 permission	case
9	permission	permission	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mural	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 painted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	past	a graffiti artist	a beautiful mural				with permission	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent mural=Destination with permission=Theme

Example 4

Writing graffiti on someone's wall is against the law.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Writing	write	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 law	csubj
2	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Writing	obj
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 wall	case
4	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 wall	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 someone	case
6	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Writing	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 law	cop
8	against	against	ADP	_	10 law	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 law	det
10	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 law	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	gerund		graffiti		someone's wall			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent graffiti=Theme on wall=Destination
2	is	present	Writing					against the law	tree rules

Example 5

There was graffiti on the old train carriage.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	nsubj
4	on	on	ADP	_	8 carriage	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 carriage	det
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 carriage	amod
7	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 carriage	compound
8	carriage	carriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 was	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	graffiti			the old train carriage; there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on carriage=Location

Example 6

Our class designed a graffiti-style poster for art.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 class	nmod:poss
2	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 designed	nsubj
3	designed	design	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 poster	det
5	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 style	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 graffiti	punct
7	style	style	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 poster	compound
8	poster	poster	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 designed	obj
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 art	case
10	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 poster	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 designed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	design	past	Our class	a style poster				for art	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent poster=Result for art=Beneficiary

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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