grammar Who acts: words, language, school, We, you, She · What happens: change, put together, rule, use, pick, have · To what, where: rules, sentences, speech, pupils, grammar test, grammar
«grammar» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grammar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The rules of a language about how words change and are put together into sentences.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj:pass case det nmod mark advmod nsubj acl:relcl cc aux:pass advmod case obl punct root The DET rules NOUN of ADP a DET language NOUN about SCONJ how ADV words NOUN change VERB and CCONJ are AUX put VERB together ADV into ADP sentences NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rules det 2 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 12 put nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 5 language case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 language det 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing 2 rules nmod 6 about about SCONJ _ 9 change mark 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 change advmod 8 words word NOUN Number=Plur 9 change nsubj 9 change change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 language acl:relcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 9 change cc 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 put aux:pass 12 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 13 together together ADV _ 12 put advmod 14 into into ADP _ 15 sentences case 15 sentences sentence NOUN Number=Plur 12 put obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 12 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present words vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 put together present · passive the rules of a language sentences together property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal 3 rule a language nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Using those rules correctly in speech or writing.
det obj advmod case obl cc conj punct root Using VERB those DET rules NOUN correctly ADV in ADP speech NOUN or CCONJ writing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Using use VERB VerbForm=Ger root root 2 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 3 rules det 3 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 1 Using obj 4 correctly correctly ADV _ 1 Using advmod 5 in in ADP _ 6 speech case 6 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 1 Using obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 writing cc 8 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 6 speech conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Using punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use gerund that rules speech or writing correctly property vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient
Meaning 3 A book about grammar.
det case nmod punct root A DET book NOUN about ADP grammar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 about about ADP _ 4 grammar case 4 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 2 book nmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 book punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4 Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.
Short for «grammar school», a school that picks pupils by a test.
The tree, 12 words case punct compound obl punct punct det conj nsubj acl:relcl obj case det obl punct root Short ADJ for ADP « PUNCT grammar NOUN school NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT a DET school NOUN that PRON picks VERB pupils NOUN by ADP a DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 for for ADP _ 5 school case 3 « « PUNCT _ 5 school punct 4 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 5 school compound 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 1 Short obl 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 school punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 school punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 school det 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 school conj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 picks nsubj 11 picks pick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 school acl:relcl 12 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 11 picks obj 13 by by ADP _ 15 test case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 test det 15 test test NOUN Number=Sing 11 picks obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick present a school pupils by a test vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Patient
Example 1 We have a grammar test on Friday.
nsubj det compound obj case nmod punct root We PRON have VERB a DET grammar NOUN test NOUN on ADP Friday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 test det 4 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 5 test compound 5 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 on on ADP _ 7 Friday case 7 Friday Friday PROPN Number=Sing 5 test nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We a grammar test on Friday vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Patient
Example 2 Check your grammar before you hand it in.
nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl obj compound:prt punct root Check VERB your PRON grammar NOUN before SCONJ you PRON hand VERB it PRON in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 grammar nmod:poss 3 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 1 Check obj 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 hand mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 hand nsubj 6 hand hand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Check advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 hand obj 8 in in ADP _ 6 hand compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here your grammar vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Theme 2 hand in present you grammar vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 3 Every language has its own grammar.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root Every DET language NOUN has VERB its PRON own ADJ grammar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 language det 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 grammar nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 grammar amod 6 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present every language language's own grammar vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Patient
Example 4 She bought a French grammar.
nsubj det amod obj punct root She PRON bought VERB a DET French ADJ grammar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 grammar det 4 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 5 grammar amod 5 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past She a French grammar vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Theme
Example 5 My cousin goes to the grammar school.
nmod:poss nsubj case det compound obl punct root My PRON cousin NOUN goes VERB to ADP the DET grammar NOUN school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cousin nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes nsubj 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 7 school case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 school det 6 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 7 school compound 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present My cousin the grammar school vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
Example 6 Grammar helps us make our meaning clear.
nsubj obj xcomp nmod:poss obj xcomp punct root Grammar NOUN helps VERB us PRON make VERB our PRON meaning NOUN clear ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 helps obj 4 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 meaning nmod:poss 6 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 4 make obj 7 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 4 make xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Grammar us vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 make infinitive us not said here our meaning clear property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset meaning=Product 3 mean our nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 His spelling is good, but his grammar needs work.
nmod:poss nsubj cop punct cc nmod:poss nsubj conj obj punct root His PRON spelling NOUN is AUX good ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ his PRON grammar NOUN needs VERB work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 spelling nmod:poss 2 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 4 good nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 good cop 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 needs punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 needs cc 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 grammar nmod:poss 8 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 9 needs nsubj 9 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 good conj 10 work work NOUN Number=Sing 9 needs obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 good punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present His spelling good property tree rules 2 need present his grammar work vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot work=Theme 3 spell His = he nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Readers, geographies, histories, grammars flew in all directions.
nsubj punct conj punct conj punct conj case det obl punct root Readers NOUN , PUNCT geographies NOUN , PUNCT histories NOUN , PUNCT grammars NOUN flew VERB in ADP all DET directions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Readers reader NOUN Number=Plur 8 flew nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 geographies punct 3 geographies geography NOUN Number=Plur 1 Readers conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 histories punct 5 histories history NOUN Number=Plur 1 Readers conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 grammars punct 7 grammars grammar NOUN Number=Plur 1 Readers conj 8 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADP _ 11 directions case 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 directions det 11 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 8 flew obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past Readers and geographies and histories and grammars all directions vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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