grammarian Who acts: person, Pāṇini, ancient grammarian, grammarian, aunt, Grammarians · What happens: study, build, write, care, be, describe · To what, where: grammar, words, language, books, lot, ancient grammarian · Speech: someone speaks here
«grammarian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grammarian in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A person who studies grammar, the rules of how words and sentences are built in a language, or who writes books about it.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct det conj mark advmod nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass acl case det obl punct cc nsubj conj obj case obl punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON studies VERB grammar NOUN , PUNCT the DET rules NOUN of SCONJ how ADV words NOUN and CCONJ sentences NOUN are AUX built VERB in ADP a DET language NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ who PRON writes VERB books NOUN about ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 studies nsubj 4 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 4 studies obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 rules punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 rules det 8 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 5 grammar conj 9 of of SCONJ _ 15 built mark 10 how how ADV PronType=Int 15 built advmod 11 words word NOUN Number=Plur 15 built nsubj:pass 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 sentences cc 13 sentences sentence NOUN Number=Plur 11 words conj 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 built aux:pass 15 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 rules acl 16 in in ADP _ 18 language case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 language det 18 language language NOUN Number=Sing 15 built obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 writes punct 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 writes cc 21 who who PRON PronType=Rel 22 writes nsubj 22 writes write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 studies conj 23 books book NOUN Number=Plur 22 writes obj 24 about about ADP _ 25 it case 25 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 writes obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present a person grammar and the rules vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Topic 2 build present · passive words and sentences a language vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 3 write present books about language vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about it=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Someone who cares a lot about correct grammar.
nsubj acl:relcl det obj case amod obl punct root Someone PRON who PRON cares VERB a DET lot NOUN about ADP correct ADJ grammar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 cares nsubj 3 cares care VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Someone acl:relcl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lot det 5 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 3 cares obj 6 about about ADP _ 8 grammar case 7 correct correct ADJ Degree=Pos 8 grammar amod 8 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 3 cares obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Someone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 care present a lot about correct grammar tree rules
Example 1 Pāṇini was an ancient grammarian who described Sanskrit.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Pāṇini PROPN was AUX an DET ancient ADJ grammarian NOUN who PRON described VERB Sanskrit PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pāṇini Pāṇini PROPN Number=Sing 5 grammarian nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 grammarian cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 grammarian det 4 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 5 grammarian amod 5 grammarian grammarian NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 described nsubj 7 described describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 grammarian acl:relcl 8 Sanskrit Sanskrit PROPN Number=Sing 7 described obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 grammarian punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Pāṇini a ancient grammarian tree rules 2 describe past a ancient grammarian Sanskrit vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent sanskrit=Theme
Example 2 A grammarian would say «fewer apples», not «less apples».
The tree, 9 words det nsubj aux punct amod obj punct punct advmod punct amod ccomp punct punct root A DET grammarian NOUN would AUX say VERB « PUNCT fewer ADJ apples NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT not PART « PUNCT less ADJ apples NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 grammarian det 2 grammarian grammarian NOUN Number=Sing 4 say nsubj 3 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 say aux 4 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 apples punct 6 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 apples amod 7 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 4 say obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 apples punct 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 apples punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 apples advmod 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 apples punct 12 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 apples amod 13 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 4 say ccomp 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 apples punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert would a grammarian fewer apples vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent apple=Topic
Example 3 The grammarian wrote a big book about English verbs.
det nsubj det amod obj case amod nmod punct root The DET grammarian NOUN wrote VERB a DET big ADJ book NOUN about ADP English ADJ verbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 grammarian det 2 grammarian grammarian NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 book det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 book amod 6 book book NOUN Number=Sing 3 wrote obj 7 about about ADP _ 9 verbs case 8 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 9 verbs amod 9 verbs verb NOUN Number=Plur 6 book nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past the grammarian a big book about English verbs vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about verb=Topic
Example 4 My aunt is a real grammarian and corrects every text.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det amod cc conj det obj punct root My PRON aunt NOUN is AUX a DET real ADJ grammarian NOUN and CCONJ corrects VERB every DET text NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 aunt nmod:poss 2 aunt aunt NOUN Number=Sing 6 grammarian nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 grammarian cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 grammarian det 5 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 6 grammarian amod 6 grammarian grammarian NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 corrects cc 8 corrects correct VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 grammarian conj 9 every every DET PronType=Tot 10 text det 10 text text NOUN Number=Sing 8 corrects obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 grammarian punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My aunt a real grammarian tree rules 2 correct speech: disagree present My aunt not said here every text vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent text=Patient
Example 5 Grammarians study how languages change over time.
nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp case obl punct root Grammarians NOUN study VERB how ADV languages NOUN change VERB over ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grammarians grammarian NOUN Number=Plur 2 study nsubj 2 study study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 change advmod 4 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 5 change nsubj 5 change change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 study ccomp 6 over over ADP _ 7 time case 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present Grammarians vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 change present languages time vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Not every grammarian agrees about split infinitives.
advmod det nsubj advmod amod obj punct root Not PART every DET grammarian NOUN agrees VERB about ADV split ADJ infinitives NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 grammarian advmod 2 every every DET PronType=Tot 3 grammarian det 3 grammarian grammarian NOUN Number=Sing 4 agrees nsubj 4 agrees agree VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 about about ADV _ 6 split advmod 6 split split ADJ Degree=Pos 7 infinitives amod 7 infinitives infinitive NOUN Number=Plur 4 agrees obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 agrees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 agree speech: agree present every grammarian split infinitives vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent infinitive=Topic
Example 7 I replied that I had been educated as a grammarian and a poet, but that my great gift was writing.
The tree, 20 words nsubj mark nsubj aux aux:pass advcl case det obl cc det conj punct cc mark nmod:poss amod nsubj aux conj punct root I PRON replied VERB that SCONJ I PRON had AUX been AUX educated VERB as ADP a DET grammarian NOUN and CCONJ a DET poet NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ that SCONJ my PRON great ADJ gift NOUN was AUX writing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 replied nsubj 2 replied reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 7 educated mark 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 educated nsubj 5 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 educated aux 6 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 educated aux:pass 7 educated educate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 replied advcl 8 as as ADP _ 10 grammarian case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 grammarian det 10 grammarian grammarian NOUN Number=Sing 7 educated obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 poet cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 poet det 13 poet poet NOUN Number=Sing 10 grammarian conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 21 writing punct 15 but but CCONJ _ 21 writing cc 16 that that SCONJ _ 21 writing mark 17 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 gift nmod:poss 18 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 19 gift amod 19 gift gift NOUN Number=Sing 21 writing nsubj 20 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 writing aux 21 writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 replied conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 replied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reply speech: assert past I vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 educate speech: other past · perfect · passive I as a grammarian and a poet vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient 3 write past · progressive my great gift vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 gift my nom gift «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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