grass Who acts: Grass, thin leaves, wheat, He, field, Cows · What happens: be, cover, mow, grow, eat, keep off · To what, where: green plants, lawns, one kind, grasses, grass, 2 cm
«grass» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grass in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Grass is the green plants with thin leaves that cover lawns, parks and fields.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct conj cc conj punct root Grass NOUN is AUX the DET green ADJ plants NOUN with ADP thin ADJ leaves NOUN that PRON cover VERB lawns NOUN , PUNCT parks NOUN and CCONJ fields NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 5 plants nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 plants cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 plants det 4 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 5 plants amod 5 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 leaves case 7 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 8 leaves amod 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 plants nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 cover nsubj 10 cover cover VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 leaves acl:relcl 11 lawns lawn NOUN Number=Plur 10 cover obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 parks punct 13 parks park NOUN Number=Plur 11 lawns conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 fields cc 15 fields field NOUN Number=Plur 11 lawns conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 plants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Grass the green plants with thin leaves tree rules 2 cover present thin leaves lawns and parks and fields vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lawn=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A grass is one kind of this plant; wheat and bamboo are grasses too.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop nummod case det nmod punct nsubj cc conj cop parataxis advmod punct root A DET grass NOUN is AUX one NUM kind NOUN of ADP this DET plant NOUN ; PUNCT wheat NOUN and CCONJ bamboo NOUN are AUX grasses NOUN too ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 grass det 2 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 kind nummod 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 plant case 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 plant det 8 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 grasses punct 10 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 14 grasses nsubj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 bamboo cc 12 bamboo bamboo NOUN Number=Sing 10 wheat conj 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 grasses cop 14 grasses grass NOUN Number=Plur 5 kind parataxis 15 too too ADV _ 14 grasses advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a grass one kind of this plant tree rules 2 is a present wheat and bamboo grasses tree rules
Meaning 3 To grass on someone is to tell on them (UK slang).
mark nsubj case nmod cop mark case obl punct compound parataxis punct punct root To PART grass NOUN on ADP someone PRON is AUX to PART tell VERB on ADP them PRON ( PUNCT UK PROPN slang NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 grass mark 2 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 7 tell nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 grass nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 tell cop 6 to to PART _ 7 tell mark 7 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 on on ADP _ 9 them case 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 tell obl 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 slang punct 11 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 12 slang compound 12 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing 7 tell parataxis 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 slang punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present grass on someone on them = they ; tell property tree rules
Example 1 He mows the grass in 40 minutes.
nsubj det obj case nummod obl punct root He PRON mows VERB the DET grass NOUN in ADP 40 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 mows nsubj 2 mows mow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 grass det 4 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 mows obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 minutes case 6 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 minutes nummod 7 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 mows obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 mows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mow present He the grass minute vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 2 The grass grows 2 cm a week.
det nsubj nummod obj det obl:unmarked punct root The DET grass NOUN grows VERB 2 NUM cm NOUN a DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 grass det 2 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 3 grows nsubj 3 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cm nummod 5 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 3 grows obj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 week det 7 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 grows obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present the grass 2 cm week vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cm=Theme
Example 3 The field of grass is 20 m by 10 m.
det nsubj case nmod cop nummod case nummod nmod root The DET field NOUN of ADP grass NOUN is AUX 20 NUM m NOUN by ADP 10 NUM m. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 field det 2 field field NOUN Number=Sing 7 m nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 grass case 4 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 field nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 m cop 6 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 m nummod 7 m m NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 by by ADP _ 10 m. case 9 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 m. nummod 10 m. m. NOUN Number=Sing 7 m nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the field of grass 20 m by 10 m. tree rules
Example 4 Cows eat the grass.
nsubj det obj punct root Cows NOUN eat VERB the DET grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 grass det 4 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Cows the grass vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 5 Please keep off the grass.
discourse case det obl punct root Please INTJ keep VERB off ADP the DET grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 keep discourse 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 off off ADP _ 5 grass case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 grass det 5 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 keep obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep off imperative you not said here the grass vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Theme
Example 6 We sat on the grass and had a picnic.
nsubj case det obl cc conj det obj punct root We PRON sat VERB on ADP the DET grass NOUN and CCONJ had VERB a DET picnic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 grass case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 grass det 5 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 had cc 7 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 sat conj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 picnic det 9 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past We the grass vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on grass=Location 2 have past We not said here a picnic vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picnic=Patient
Example 7 Grass → rabbit → fox is a food chain.
nsubj punct conj punct conj cop det compound punct root Grass NOUN → SYM rabbit NOUN → SYM fox NOUN is AUX a DET food NOUN chain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 9 chain nsubj 2 → → SYM _ 3 rabbit punct 3 rabbit rabbit NOUN Number=Sing 1 Grass conj 4 → → SYM _ 5 fox punct 5 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 1 Grass conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 chain cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 chain det 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing 9 chain compound 9 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 chain punct
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1 is a present Grass and rabbit and fox a food chain tree rules
Example 8 The morning dew made the grass wet.
det compound nsubj det obj xcomp punct root The DET morning NOUN dew NOUN made VERB the DET grass NOUN wet ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dew det 2 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 dew compound 3 dew dew NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 grass det 6 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obj 7 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 4 made xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the morning dew the grass wet property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material grass=Product
Example 9 The grass is always greener on the other side.
det nsubj cop advmod case det amod obl punct root The DET grass NOUN is AUX always ADV greener ADJ on ADP the DET other ADJ side NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 grass det 2 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 5 greener nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 greener cop 4 always always ADV PronType=Tot 5 greener advmod 5 greener green ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 on on ADP _ 9 side case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 side det 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 9 side amod 9 side side NOUN Number=Sing 5 greener obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 greener punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the grass the other side always, green property tree rules
Example 10 All around grew nettles and tall grass.
advmod advmod obj cc amod conj punct root All ADV around ADV grew VERB nettles NOUN and CCONJ tall ADJ grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all ADV _ 3 grew advmod 2 around around ADV _ 3 grew advmod 3 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nettles nettle NOUN Number=Plur 3 grew obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 grass cc 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grass amod 7 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 4 nettles conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past nettles and tall grass all, around property vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location nettle=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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