graze Who acts: animals, you, graze, 12 cows, 5 more sheep, horses · What happens: graze, be, fall, mean, touch, pass · To what, where: field, skin, small scrape, something, edge, bike · Speech: someone speaks here
«graze» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: graze in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To graze is when animals like cows, sheep and horses eat grass in a field.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl cop mark nsubj case nmod punct conj cc conj obj case det obl punct root To PART graze VERB is AUX when SCONJ animals NOUN like ADP cows NOUN , PUNCT sheep NOUN and CCONJ horses NOUN eat VERB grass NOUN in ADP a DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 graze mark 2 graze graze VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 eat advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 eat cop 4 when when SCONJ _ 12 eat mark 5 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 12 eat nsubj 6 like like ADP _ 7 cows case 7 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 5 animals nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 sheep punct 9 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Plur 7 cows conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 horses cc 11 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 7 cows conj 12 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 12 eat obj 14 in in ADP _ 16 field case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 field det 16 field field NOUN Number=Sing 12 eat obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 12 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze to-infinitive animals like cows and sheep and horses not said here vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present animals like cows and sheep and horses a field eat property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To graze your skin is to scrape it a little, like a knee when you fall. A graze is that small scrape.
Sentence 1: To graze your skin is to scrape it a little, like a knee when you fall.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl nmod:poss obj cop mark obj det obl:unmarked punct case det conj mark nsubj advcl punct root To PART graze VERB your PRON skin NOUN is AUX to PART scrape VERB it PRON a DET little ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET knee NOUN when SCONJ you PRON fall VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 graze mark 2 graze graze VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 scrape advcl 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 skin nmod:poss 4 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 2 graze obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 scrape cop 6 to to PART _ 7 scrape mark 7 scrape scrape VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 scrape obj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 little det 10 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 scrape obl:unmarked 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 knee punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 knee case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 knee det 14 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 7 scrape conj 15 when when SCONJ _ 17 fall mark 16 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 fall nsubj 17 fall fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 knee advcl 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 scrape punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze to-infinitive your skin vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Experiencer 2 is present a little obl:unmarked ; scrape property tree rules 3 fall present you vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: A graze is that small scrape.
det nsubj cop mark amod punct root A DET graze NOUN is AUX that SCONJ small ADJ scrape NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 graze det 2 graze graze NOUN Number=Sing 6 scrape nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 scrape cop 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 scrape mark 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 scrape amod 6 scrape scrape NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 scrape punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a graze small scrape tree rules
Meaning 3 To graze can also mean to touch something lightly as you pass.
mark csubj aux advmod mark xcomp obj advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root To PART graze VERB can AUX also ADV mean VERB to PART touch VERB something PRON lightly ADV as SCONJ you PRON pass VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 graze mark 2 graze graze VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 touch mark 7 touch touch VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 mean xcomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 touch obj 9 lightly lightly ADV _ 7 touch advmod 10 as as SCONJ _ 12 pass mark 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 pass nsubj 12 pass pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 touch advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze to-infinitive vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 touch not said to happen to-infinitive something lightly property vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme 4 pass present you vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 12 cows graze in the field.
nummod nsubj case det obl punct root 12 NUM cows NOUN graze VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 cows nummod 2 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 3 graze nsubj 3 graze graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 field case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 field det 6 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 graze obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 graze punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze present 12 cows the field vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 5 more sheep came to graze.
nummod amod nsubj mark xcomp punct root 5 NUM more ADJ sheep NOUN came VERB to PART graze VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 sheep nummod 2 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 sheep amod 3 sheep sheep NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 graze mark 6 graze graze VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 came xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past 5 more sheep tree rules 2 graze to-infinitive 5 more sheep not said here vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The horses graze for 6 hours a day.
det nsubj case nummod obl det nmod:unmarked punct root The DET horses NOUN graze VERB for ADP 6 NUM hours NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horses det 2 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 3 graze nsubj 3 graze graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 hours case 5 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 hours nummod 6 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 3 graze obl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 6 hours nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 graze punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze present the horses hour vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 How many animals graze on the hill now?
advmod amod nsubj case det obl advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ animals NOUN graze VERB on ADP the DET hill NOUN now ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 animals amod 3 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 4 graze nsubj 4 graze graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 hill case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hill det 7 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 4 graze obl 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 4 graze advmod 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 graze punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze present many animals now on the hill vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on hill=Patient
Example 5 Deer graze at the edge of the forest at dawn.
nsubj case det obl case det nmod case nmod punct root Deer NOUN graze VERB at ADP the DET edge NOUN of ADP the DET forest NOUN at ADP dawn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Deer deer NOUN Number=Plur 2 graze nsubj 2 graze graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 edge case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 edge det 5 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 2 graze obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 forest case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 forest det 8 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 5 edge nmod 9 at at ADP _ 10 dawn case 10 dawn dawn NOUN Number=Sing 8 forest nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 graze punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze present Deer the edge of the forest at dawn vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 She fell off her bike and grazed her knee.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root She PRON fell VERB off ADP her PRON bike NOUN and CCONJ grazed VERB her PRON knee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 off off ADP _ 5 bike case 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bike nmod:poss 5 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 grazed cc 7 grazed graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 fell conj 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 knee nmod:poss 9 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 7 grazed obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall off past She her bike vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient bike=Extent 2 graze past She not said here her knee vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Experiencer
Example 7 Wash the graze and put a plaster on it.
det obj cc conj det obj case obl punct root Wash VERB the DET graze NOUN and CCONJ put VERB a DET plaster NOUN on ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 graze det 3 graze graze NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wash obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 put cc 5 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Wash conj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 plaster det 7 plaster plaster NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 put obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash imperative you not said here the graze vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent graze=Patient 2 put infinitive you not said here a plaster plaster vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent plaster=Theme on it=Destination
Example 8 The ball grazed the top of the net.
det nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET ball NOUN grazed VERB the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET net NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 grazed nsubj 3 grazed graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 top det 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 grazed obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 net case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 net det 8 net net NOUN Number=Sing 5 top nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 grazed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze past the ball the top of the net vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent top=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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