gray Who acts: Gray, gray area, sky, you, hair, elephant · What happens: be, describe, gray, mean, turn, start · To what, where: colour, dull cloudy weather, hair, gray, something, rain · Speech: someone speaks here
«gray» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gray in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Gray is the colour between black and white, like ash or rain clouds.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop det case amod cc conj punct case compound cc conj conj punct root Gray PROPN is AUX the DET colour NOUN between ADP black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ , PUNCT like ADP ash NOUN or CCONJ rain NOUN clouds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gray Gray PROPN Number=Sing 4 colour nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 colour cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 colour det 4 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 between between ADP _ 6 black case 6 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 4 colour amod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 white cc 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 6 black conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 clouds punct 10 like like ADP _ 14 clouds case 11 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 14 clouds compound 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 rain cc 13 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 11 ash conj 14 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 4 colour conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 colour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Gray the colour and ash clouds tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Gray describes dull, cloudy weather or a dull, boring feeling.
nsubj amod punct amod obj cc det amod punct amod conj punct root Gray PROPN describes VERB dull ADJ , PUNCT cloudy ADJ weather NOUN or CCONJ a DET dull ADJ , PUNCT boring ADJ feeling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gray Gray PROPN Number=Sing 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos 6 weather amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 dull punct 5 cloudy cloudy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 weather amod 6 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 12 feeling cc 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 feeling det 9 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos 12 feeling amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 dull punct 11 boring boring ADJ Degree=Pos 12 feeling amod 12 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 6 weather conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Gray dull cloudy weather or a dull boring feeling vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent weather=Theme
Meaning 3 To gray (of hair) means to turn gray with age.
mark csubj punct case obj punct mark ccomp obj case obl punct root To PART gray VERB ( PUNCT of ADP hair NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB to PART turn VERB gray NOUN with ADP age NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 gray mark 2 gray gray VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means csubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 hair punct 4 of of ADP _ 5 hair case 5 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 2 gray obj 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 hair punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 turn mark 9 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means ccomp 10 gray gray NOUN Number=Sing 9 turn obj 11 with with ADP _ 12 age case 12 age age NOUN Number=Sing 9 turn obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gray to-infinitive hair vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hair=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 turn not said to happen to-infinitive gray with age vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gray=Theme
Meaning 4 A gray area is something not clearly right or wrong.
det compound nsubj cop advmod advmod amod cc conj punct root A DET gray NOUN area NOUN is AUX something PRON not PART clearly ADV right ADJ or CCONJ wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 area det 2 gray gray NOUN Number=Sing 3 area compound 3 area area NOUN Number=Sing 5 something nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 something cop 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 right advmod 7 clearly clearly ADV _ 8 right advmod 8 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 5 something amod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 wrong cc 10 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 right conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a gray area something tree rules
Example 1 The sky was gray and it started to rain.
det nsubj cop cc nsubj conj mark obj punct root The DET sky NOUN was AUX gray ADJ and CCONJ it PRON started VERB to PART rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 4 gray nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 gray cop 4 gray gray ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 started cc 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 started nsubj 7 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 gray conj 8 to to PART _ 9 rain mark 9 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 7 started obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 gray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the sky gray property tree rules 2 start past sky rain vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality
Example 2 Mix black and white to make gray.
obj cc conj mark advcl obj punct root Mix VERB black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ to PART make VERB gray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mix mix VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Mix obj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 white cc 4 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 2 black conj 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 white advcl 7 gray gray NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Mix punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mix imperative you not said here black vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent black=Patient 2 make to-infinitive you not said here gray vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset gray=Product
Example 3 Grandpa's hair is turning gray.
nmod:poss case nsubj aux obj punct root Grandpa PROPN 's PART hair NOUN is AUX turning VERB gray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 3 hair nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Grandpa case 3 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 5 turning nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 turning aux 5 turning turn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 gray gray NOUN Number=Sing 5 turning obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 turning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present · progressive Grandpa's hair gray vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gray=Theme
Example 4 An elephant is gray.
det nsubj cop punct root An DET elephant NOUN is AUX gray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elephant det 2 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 4 gray nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 gray cop 4 gray gray NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 gray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a elephant gray tree rules
Example 5 Use your gray matter — think!
nmod:poss obj parataxis punct conj punct root Use VERB your PRON gray NOUN matter VERB — PUNCT think VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 gray nmod:poss 3 gray gray NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 matter matter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Use parataxis 5 — - PUNCT _ 6 think punct 6 think think VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Use conj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here your gray vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gray=Patient 2 matter present vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus 3 think speech: other infinitive you not said here vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Whether that is cheating is a gray area.
mark det cop nsubj cop det amod punct root Whether SCONJ that DET is AUX cheating NOUN is AUX a DET gray ADJ area NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Whether whether SCONJ _ 8 area mark 2 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 cheating det 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cheating cop 4 cheating cheating NOUN Number=Sing 8 area nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 area cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 area det 7 gray gray ADJ Degree=Pos 8 area amod 8 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present that cheating tree rules 2 is a present that cheating a gray area tree rules
Example 7 It was so gray and old.
nsubj cop advmod cc conj punct root It PRON was AUX so ADV gray ADJ and CCONJ old ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 gray nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 gray cop 3 so so ADV _ 4 gray advmod 4 gray gray ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 old cc 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 gray conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 gray punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It gray property tree rules 2 be tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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