grim Who acts: Grim, grim place, school toilets, teacher, news, castle · What happens: mean, worry, be, hold on, hold, look · To what, where: mess, grim grey place, heat, spooky picture · Speech: someone speaks here
«grim» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grim in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Grim means very serious, stern and unsmiling («a grim face»).
The tree, 10 words nsubj advmod xcomp punct conj cc conj punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct punct root Grim ADJ means VERB very ADV serious ADJ , PUNCT stern ADJ and CCONJ unsmiling ADJ ( PUNCT « PUNCT a DET grim ADJ face NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 serious advmod 4 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 stern punct 6 stern stern ADJ Degree=Pos 4 serious conj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 unsmiling cc 8 unsmiling unsmiling ADJ Degree=Pos 4 serious conj 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 face punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 face punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 face det 12 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 13 face amod 13 face face NOUN Number=Sing 4 serious parataxis 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 face punct 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 face punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Grim serious property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Grim means unpleasant, worrying or sad («grim news»).
nsubj xcomp punct conj cc conj punct punct amod obl punct punct punct root Grim ADJ means VERB unpleasant ADJ , PUNCT worrying VERB or CCONJ sad ADJ ( PUNCT « PUNCT grim ADJ news NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 worrying punct 5 worrying worry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 sad cc 7 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 5 worrying conj 8 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 news punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 news punct 10 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 11 news amod 11 news news NOUN Number=Sing 7 sad obl 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 news punct 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 news punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Grim unpleasant property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 worry gerund Grim not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 A grim place is dark, cold and gloomy.
det amod nsubj cop punct conj cc conj punct root A DET grim ADJ place NOUN is AUX dark ADJ , PUNCT cold ADJ and CCONJ gloomy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 place det 2 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 3 place amod 3 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 dark nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dark cop 5 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 cold punct 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dark conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 gloomy cc 9 gloomy gloomy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dark conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 dark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a grim place dark property tree rules 2 be a grim place not said here tree rules 3 be a grim place not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: UK, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Grim means horrible or disgusting («The school toilets were grim»).
The tree, 10 words nsubj xcomp cc conj punct punct det compound nsubj cop conj punct punct punct root Grim ADJ means VERB horrible ADJ or CCONJ disgusting ADJ ( PUNCT « PUNCT The DET school NOUN toilets NOUN were AUX grim ADJ » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 horrible horrible ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 disgusting cc 5 disgusting disgusting ADJ Degree=Pos 3 horrible conj 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 grim punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 12 grim punct 8 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 toilets det 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 10 toilets compound 10 toilets toilet NOUN Number=Plur 12 grim nsubj 11 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 grim cop 12 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 3 horrible conj 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 grim punct 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 grim punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Grim horrible property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote past the school toilets grim property tree rules
Meaning 5 «Hold on like grim death» means to hold very tightly.
punct csubj compound:prt case amod obl punct mark xcomp advmod advmod punct root « PUNCT Hold VERB on ADP like ADP grim ADJ death NOUN » PUNCT means VERB to PART hold VERB very ADV tightly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Hold punct 2 Hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means csubj 3 on on ADP _ 2 Hold compound:prt 4 like like ADP _ 6 death case 5 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 6 death amod 6 death death NOUN Number=Sing 2 Hold obl 7 » » PUNCT _ 2 Hold punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 hold mark 10 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means xcomp 11 very very ADV _ 12 tightly advmod 12 tightly tightly ADV _ 10 hold advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold on in a quote infinitive like grim death vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hold not said to happen to-infinitive tightly property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The teacher looked grim when she saw the mess.
det nsubj xcomp advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root The DET teacher NOUN looked VERB grim ADJ when ADV she PRON saw VERB the DET mess NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 3 looked xcomp 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 saw advmod 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 saw nsubj 7 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 looked advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 mess det 9 mess mess NOUN Number=Sing 7 saw obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past the teacher grim property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 see past teacher the mess vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mess=Stimulus
Example 2 The news about the flood was grim.
det nsubj case det nmod cop punct root The DET news NOUN about ADP the DET flood NOUN was AUX grim ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 news det 2 news news NOUN Number=Sing 7 grim nsubj 3 about about ADP _ 5 flood case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 flood det 5 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 2 news nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 grim cop 7 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 grim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the news about the flood grim property tree rules
Example 3 The castle was a grim, grey place.
det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct root The DET castle NOUN was AUX a DET grim ADJ , PUNCT grey ADJ place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 8 place nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 place cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 place det 5 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 8 place amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 grim punct 7 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 8 place amod 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the castle a grim grey place tree rules
Example 4 The bins smelt grim in the heat.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET bins NOUN smelt VERB grim ADJ in ADP the DET heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bins det 2 bins bin NOUN Number=Plur 3 smelt nsubj 3 smelt smelt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 3 smelt xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 heat case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 heat det 7 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 3 smelt obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 smelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smelt present the bins the heat grim property tree rules
Example 5 He held on to the rope like grim death.
nsubj compound:prt case det obl case amod nmod punct root He PRON held VERB on ADP to ADP the DET rope NOUN like ADP grim ADJ death NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 held nsubj 2 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 2 held compound:prt 4 to to ADP _ 6 rope case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rope det 6 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 2 held obl 7 like like ADP _ 9 death case 8 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 9 death amod 9 death death NOUN Number=Sing 6 rope nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold on past He to the rope like grim death vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The weather forecast is grim for the weekend.
det compound nsubj cop case det obl punct root The DET weather NOUN forecast NOUN is AUX grim ADJ for ADP the DET weekend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 forecast det 2 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 3 forecast compound 3 forecast forecast NOUN Number=Sing 5 grim nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 grim cop 5 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 weekend case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 weekend det 8 weekend weekend NOUN Number=Sing 5 grim obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 grim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the weather forecast weekend grim property tree rules
Example 7 The Grim Reaper is a spooky picture of death.
det amod nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root The DET Grim ADJ Reaper NOUN is AUX a DET spooky ADJ picture NOUN of ADP death NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Reaper det 2 Grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Reaper amod 3 Reaper reaper NOUN Number=Sing 7 picture nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 picture cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 picture det 6 spooky spooky ADJ Degree=Pos 7 picture amod 7 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 death case 9 death death NOUN Number=Sing 7 picture nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 picture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Grim Reaper a spooky picture of death tree rules
Example 8 The princess stood silent, and her face grew grim.
det nsubj xcomp punct cc nmod:poss nsubj conj xcomp punct root The DET princess NOUN stood VERB silent ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ her PRON face NOUN grew VERB grim ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 princess det 2 princess princess NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood nsubj 3 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 silent silent ADJ Degree=Pos 3 stood xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 grew punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 grew cc 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 face nmod:poss 8 face face NOUN Number=Sing 9 grew nsubj 9 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stood conj 10 grim grim ADJ Degree=Pos 9 grew xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past the princess silent property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 grow past princess's face grim property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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