grinning

Who acts: children, you, He, grinning pumpkin, She, photo · What happens: smile, show, have, grin, run, walk · To what, where: teeth, big smile, sea, ear, doorstep, top

«grinning» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grinning in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Smiling widely, often showing the teeth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smiling	smile	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	widely	widely	ADV	_	1 Smiling	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 showing	punct
4	often	often	ADV	_	5 showing	advmod
5	showing	show	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Smiling	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 teeth	det
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 showing	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Smiling	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smile	gerund						widely property	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	show	gerund		the teeth				often property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

Having a big smile: «a grinning face».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 face	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 smile	det
3	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 smile	amod
4	smile	smile	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Having	obj
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	1 Having	punct
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 face	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 face	det
8	grinning	grin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 face	amod
9	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 face	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 face	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	gerund		a big smile					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Patient
2	grin in a quote	gerund							vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

The children were grinning as they ran into the sea.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 children	det
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grinning	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 grinning	aux
4	grinning	grin	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 ran	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 ran	nsubj
7	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 grinning	advcl
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 sea	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sea	det
10	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ran	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 grinning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grin	past · progressive	the children						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	run	past	children = child					into the sea result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into sea=Result

Example 2

Why are you grinning like that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 grinning	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grinning	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 grinning	nsubj
4	grinning	grin	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 that	case
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 grinning	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 grinning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grin	present · progressive	you					like that	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 3

He walked in grinning from ear to ear.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 walked	nsubj
2	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	SCONJ	_	4 grinning	mark
4	grinning	grin	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 walked	advcl
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 ear	case
6	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grinning	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 ear	case
8	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grinning	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 walked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	past	He						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	grin	gerund	He not said here		ear			to ear	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to ear=Recipient

Example 4

A grinning pumpkin sat on the doorstep.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 pumpkin	det
2	grinning	grin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 pumpkin	amod
3	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sat	nsubj
4	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 doorstep	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 doorstep	det
7	doorstep	doorstep	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sat	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grin	gerund							vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	sit	past	a grinning pumpkin			the doorstep			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on doorstep=Location

Example 5

She stood grinning at the top of the climbing frame.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stood	nsubj
2	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	grinning	grin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 stood	xcomp
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 top	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 top	det
6	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grinning	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 frame	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 frame	det
9	climbing	climbing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 frame	compound
10	frame	frame	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 top	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past	She						vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	grin	gerund	She not said here			the top of the climbing frame			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 6

The photo shows our whole class grinning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 photo	det
2	photo	photo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 class	nmod:poss
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 class	amod
6	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
7	grinning	grin	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 shows	advcl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	the photo	our whole class					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent class=Recipient
2	grin	gerund	the photo not said here						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

His feet were almost on the bridge, when a big grey wolf with grinning teeth appeared before the princess.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 feet	nmod:poss
2	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bridge	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 bridge	cop
4	almost	almost	ADV	_	7 bridge	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 bridge	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bridge	det
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 appeared	punct
9	when	when	SCONJ	_	17 appeared	mark
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 wolf	det
11	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 wolf	amod
12	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 wolf	amod
13	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 appeared	nsubj
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 teeth	case
15	grinning	grin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 teeth	amod
16	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 wolf	nmod
17	appeared	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 bridge	parataxis
18	before	before	ADP	_	20 princess	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 princess	det
20	princess	princess	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 appeared	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 bridge	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	His feet	the bridge		almost property	tree rules
2	grin	gerund					vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	appear	past	a big grey wolf with grinning teeth		before the princess		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before princess=Location

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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