grit Who acts: things, grit, you, I, It, She · What happens: keep, go, be, spread, grit, press · To what, where: grit, icy roads, teeth, bit, eye, race
«grit» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grit in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Tiny hard bits of stone or sand.
amod amod case nmod cc conj punct root Tiny ADJ hard ADJ bits NOUN of ADP stone NOUN or CCONJ sand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bits amod 2 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bits amod 3 bits bit NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 stone case 5 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 3 bits nmod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 sand cc 7 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 5 stone conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 bits punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 Courage and determination to keep going when things are hard.
cc conj mark acl xcomp advmod nsubj cop xcomp punct root Courage NOUN and CCONJ determination NOUN to PART keep VERB going VERB when ADV things NOUN are AUX hard ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Courage courage NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 determination cc 3 determination determination NOUN Number=Sing 1 Courage conj 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Courage acl 6 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 keep xcomp 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 hard advmod 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 10 hard nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 hard cop 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 going xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Courage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep to-infinitive tree rules 2 go gerund vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is present things hard property tree rules
Meaning 3 To spread grit or salt on icy roads so they are less slippery (UK: gritting).
The tree, 15 words mark obj cc conj case amod obl mark nsubj cop advmod amod punct obl punct advcl punct punct root To PART spread VERB grit NOUN or CCONJ salt NOUN on ADP icy ADJ roads NOUN so SCONJ they PRON are AUX less ADV slippery ADJ ( PUNCT UK PROPN : PUNCT gritting VERB ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spread mark 2 spread spread VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 grit grit NOUN Number=Sing 2 spread obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 salt cc 5 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 3 grit conj 6 on on ADP _ 8 roads case 7 icy icy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 roads amod 8 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 2 spread obl 9 so so SCONJ _ 13 slippery mark 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 slippery nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 slippery cop 12 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 13 slippery advmod 13 slippery slippery ADJ Degree=Pos 15 UK amod 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 UK punct 15 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 2 spread obl 16 : : PUNCT _ 17 gritting punct 17 gritting grit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 spread advcl 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 17 gritting punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread to-infinitive grit or salt icy roads slippery UK obl vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent grit=Theme on road=Destination 2 is present grit less, slippery property tree rules 3 grit gerund tree rules
Meaning 4 Grit your teeth: to press your teeth together, or to bravely put up with something hard.
The tree, 16 words nmod:poss obj punct mark parataxis nmod:poss obj advmod punct cc mark advmod conj compound:prt case obl amod punct root Grit VERB your PRON teeth NOUN : PUNCT to PART press VERB your PRON teeth NOUN together ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART bravely ADV put VERB up ADP with ADP something PRON hard ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grit grit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teeth nmod:poss 3 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 1 Grit obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 press punct 5 to to PART _ 6 press mark 6 press press VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Grit parataxis 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 teeth nmod:poss 8 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 6 press obj 9 together together ADV _ 6 press advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 put punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 put cc 12 to to PART _ 14 put mark 13 bravely bravely ADV _ 14 put advmod 14 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 press conj 15 up up ADP _ 14 put compound:prt 16 with with ADP _ 17 something case 17 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 put obl 18 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 17 something amod 19 . . PUNCT _ 1 Grit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grit imperative you not said here your teeth tree rules 2 press to-infinitive your teeth together property vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme 3 put up to-infinitive with something; bravely property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 I got a bit of grit in my eye at the beach.
nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod:poss obl case det obl punct root I PRON got VERB a DET bit NOUN of ADP grit NOUN in ADP my PRON eye NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bit det 4 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 grit case 6 grit grit NOUN Number=Sing 4 bit nmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 eye case 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 eye nmod:poss 9 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 10 at at ADP _ 12 beach case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 beach det 12 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past I a bit of grit my eye at the beach vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent bit=Theme at beach=Asset
Example 2 It takes grit to keep practising when it's hard.
nsubj obj mark advcl xcomp advmod expl cop advcl punct root It PRON takes VERB grit NOUN to PART keep VERB practising VERB when ADV it PRON 's AUX hard ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 takes nsubj 2 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 grit grit NOUN Number=Sing 2 takes obj 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 takes advcl 6 practising practise VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 keep xcomp 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 hard advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 hard expl 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 hard cop 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 practising advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 takes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present It grit vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grit=Theme 2 keep to-infinitive tree rules 3 practise gerund tree rules 4 is present hard property tree rules
Example 3 She gritted her teeth and finished the race.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj det obj punct root She PRON gritted VERB her PRON teeth NOUN and CCONJ finished VERB the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gritted nsubj 2 gritted grit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 teeth nmod:poss 4 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 2 gritted obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 finished cc 6 finished finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 gritted conj 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 race det 8 race race NOUN Number=Sing 6 finished obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 gritted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grit past She her teeth tree rules 2 finish past She not said here the race vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality race=Eventuality
Example 4 The council gritted the roads before the snow.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET council NOUN gritted VERB the DET roads NOUN before ADP the DET snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 council det 2 council council NOUN Number=Sing 3 gritted nsubj 3 gritted grit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 roads det 5 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 3 gritted obj 6 before before ADP _ 8 snow case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 snow det 8 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 gritted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 gritted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grit past the council the roads before the snow tree rules
Example 5 Rinse the grit off the vegetables.
det obj case det obl punct root Rinse VERB the DET grit NOUN off ADP the DET vegetables NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rinse rinse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 grit det 3 grit grit NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rinse obj 4 off off ADP _ 6 vegetables case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 vegetables det 6 vegetables vegetable NOUN Number=Plur 1 Rinse obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Rinse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rinse imperative you not said here the grit the vegetables vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent grit=Theme off vegetable=Source
Example 6 Sandpaper has fine grit on one side.
nsubj amod obj case nummod nmod punct root Sandpaper NOUN has VERB fine ADJ grit NOUN on ADP one NUM side NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sandpaper sandpaper NOUN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 4 grit amod 4 grit grit NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 side case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 side nummod 7 side side NOUN Number=Sing 4 grit nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Sandpaper fine grit one side vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grit=Patient
Example 7 With grit and hard work, he learned to swim.
case obl cc amod conj punct nsubj mark xcomp punct root With ADP grit NOUN and CCONJ hard ADJ work NOUN , PUNCT he PRON learned VERB to PART swim VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 2 grit case 2 grit grit NOUN Number=Sing 8 learned obl 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 work cc 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 5 work amod 5 work work NOUN Number=Sing 2 grit conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 grit punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 learned nsubj 8 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 swim mark 10 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 learned xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past he with grit and hard work vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 swim to-infinitive he not said here vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Feel where she would, there was nothing but grit and stones, when, suddenly, her fingers touched something soft in a crevice.
The tree, 21 words advmod nsubj advcl punct expl parataxis nsubj cc conj cc conj punct parataxis punct advmod punct nmod:poss nsubj conj obj amod case det obl punct root Feel VERB where ADV she PRON would AUX , PUNCT there PRON was VERB nothing PRON but CCONJ grit NOUN and CCONJ stones NOUN , PUNCT when ADV , PUNCT suddenly ADV , PUNCT her PRON fingers NOUN touched VERB something PRON soft ADJ in ADP a DET crevice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Feel feel VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 where where ADV PronType=Rel 4 would advmod 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 would nsubj 4 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 1 Feel advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 was punct 6 there there PRON PronType=Dem 7 was expl 7 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Feel parataxis 8 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 7 was nsubj 9 but but CCONJ _ 10 grit cc 10 grit grit NOUN Number=Sing 8 nothing conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 stones cc 12 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 8 nothing conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 when punct 14 when when ADV PronType=Int 1 Feel parataxis 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 touched punct 16 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 20 touched advmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 touched punct 18 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 fingers nmod:poss 19 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 20 touched nsubj 20 touched touch VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Feel conj 21 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 20 touched obj 22 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 21 something amod 23 in in ADP _ 25 crevice case 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 crevice det 25 crevice crevice NOUN Number=Sing 20 touched obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 1 Feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel imperative you not said here vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 be past nothing there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 touch past her fingers something a crevice suddenly property vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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