growing Who acts: Growing, growing child, tree, She, growing puppy, savings · What happens: grow, mean, get, raise, increase, become · To what, where: plants, seeds, more, one, 30 cm, 12 sunflowers · Speech: someone speaks here
«growing» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: growing in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Growing means getting bigger or taller right now.
nsubj xcomp xcomp cc conj advmod advmod punct root Growing VERB means VERB getting VERB bigger ADJ or CCONJ taller ADJ right ADV now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 getting xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 taller cc 6 taller tall ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 bigger conj 7 right right ADV _ 8 now advmod 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 3 getting advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 get not said to happen gerund now big property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Growing plants means raising them from seeds.
csubj obj xcomp obj case obl punct root Growing VERB plants NOUN means VERB raising VERB them PRON from ADP seeds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means csubj 2 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 1 Growing obj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 raising raise VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means xcomp 5 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 raising obj 6 from from ADP _ 7 seeds case 7 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 4 raising obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund plants vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plant=Theme 2 mean present Growing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 raise not said to happen gerund Growing not said here plants = plant seeds vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme from seed=Destination
Meaning 3 Growing can mean increasing or becoming more, like a growing crowd.
csubj aux xcomp cc conj obj punct case det amod obl punct root Growing VERB can AUX mean VERB increasing VERB or CCONJ becoming VERB more ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET growing VERB crowd NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mean csubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 increasing increase VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mean xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 becoming cc 6 becoming become VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 increasing conj 7 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 becoming obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 crowd punct 9 like like ADP _ 12 crowd case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 crowd det 11 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 crowd amod 12 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 4 increasing obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean can Growing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 increase not said to happen gerund Growing not said here like a growing crowd vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 become gerund Growing not said here more vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient more=Result 5 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 A growing child is one who is still getting bigger.
det amod nsubj cop nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl xcomp punct root A DET growing VERB child NOUN is AUX one NUM who PRON is AUX still ADV getting VERB bigger ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 child det 2 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 child amod 3 child child NOUN Number=Sing 5 one nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 one cop 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 getting nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 getting aux 8 still still ADV _ 9 getting advmod 9 getting get VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 one acl:relcl 10 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 getting xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a growing child one tree rules 3 get present · progressive still big property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 The tree is growing 30 cm a year.
det nsubj aux nummod obj det nmod:unmarked punct root The DET tree NOUN is AUX growing VERB 30 NUM cm NOUN a DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tree det 2 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 4 growing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 growing aux 4 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cm nummod 6 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 4 growing obj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 year det 8 year year NOUN Number=Sing 6 cm nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 growing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · progressive the tree 30 cm a year vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cm=Theme
Example 2 She is growing 12 sunflowers.
nsubj aux nummod obj punct root She PRON is AUX growing VERB 12 NUM sunflowers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 growing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 growing aux 3 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 sunflowers nummod 5 sunflowers sunflower NOUN Number=Plur 3 growing obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 growing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · progressive She 12 sunflowers vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sunflower=Theme
Example 3 The growing puppy eats more each week.
det amod nsubj advmod det obl:unmarked punct root The DET growing VERB puppy NOUN eats VERB more ADV each DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 puppy det 2 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 puppy amod 3 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 4 eats nsubj 4 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 4 eats advmod 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 week det 7 week week NOUN Number=Sing 4 eats obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 eats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat present the growing puppy week vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 His savings keep growing by 5 dollars.
nmod:poss nsubj xcomp case nummod obl punct root His PRON savings NOUN keep VERB growing VERB by ADP 5 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 savings nmod:poss 2 savings savings NOUN Number=Ptan 3 keep nsubj 3 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 keep xcomp 5 by by ADP _ 7 dollars case 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 dollars nummod 7 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 4 growing obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present His savings tree rules 2 grow gerund His savings not said here by 5 dollars vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by dollar=Location 3 save His = he nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Growing up on a farm, she learned to ride.
advcl compound:prt case det obl punct nsubj mark xcomp punct root Growing VERB up ADP on ADP a DET farm NOUN , PUNCT she PRON learned VERB to PART ride VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 learned advcl 2 up up ADP _ 1 Growing compound:prt 3 on on ADP _ 5 farm case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 farm det 5 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 1 Growing obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 1 Growing punct 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 learned nsubj 8 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 ride mark 10 ride ride VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 learned xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow up gerund she not said here a farm vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on farm=Location 2 learn past she vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 ride to-infinitive she not said here vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 A growing crowd waited at the gate.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET growing VERB crowd NOUN waited VERB at ADP the DET gate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 crowd det 2 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 crowd amod 3 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 4 waited nsubj 4 waited wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 at at ADP _ 7 gate case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 gate det 7 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 4 waited obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 waited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 wait past a growing crowd the gate vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at gate=Location
Example 7 We are growing beans in cups on the windowsill.
nsubj aux obj case obl case det nmod punct root We PRON are AUX growing VERB beans NOUN in ADP cups NOUN on ADP the DET windowsill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 growing nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 growing aux 3 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 beans bean NOUN Number=Plur 3 growing obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 cups case 6 cups cup NOUN Number=Plur 3 growing obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 windowsill case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 windowsill det 9 windowsill windowsill NOUN Number=Sing 6 cups nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 growing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present · progressive We beans cups on the windowsill vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bean=Theme
Example 8 Growing children need about 10 hours of sleep.
amod nsubj advmod nummod obj case nmod punct root Growing VERB children NOUN need VERB about ADV 10 NUM hours NOUN of ADP sleep NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 children amod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 need nsubj 3 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADV _ 5 10 advmod 5 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 hours nummod 6 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 3 need obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 sleep case 8 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 6 hours nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 need present Growing children hour vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 9 I feel that I am growing.
nsubj mark nsubj aux advcl punct root I PRON feel VERB that SCONJ I PRON am AUX growing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 feel nsubj 2 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 6 growing mark 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 growing nsubj 5 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 growing aux 6 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 feel advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel present I vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 grow present · progressive I vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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