grub Who acts: grub, beetles, meal, pig, witchetty grub, bird · What happens: be, live, form, mean, grub, dig · To what, where: soil, insects, food, large grub, fat grub, lawn · Speech: someone speaks here
«grub» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grub in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A grub is the young, worm-like form (larva) of some insects, especially beetles, which lives in soil or wood.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det punct compound punct amod obl punct appos punct case det nmod punct advmod conj punct nsubj acl:relcl case obl cc conj punct root A DET grub NOUN is AUX the DET young ADJ , PUNCT worm NOUN - PUNCT like ADJ form NOUN ( PUNCT larva NOUN ) PUNCT of ADP some DET insects NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV beetles NOUN , PUNCT which PRON lives VERB in ADP soil NOUN or CCONJ wood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 grub det 2 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 5 young nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 young cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 young det 5 young young ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 form punct 7 worm worm NOUN Number=Sing 10 form compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 worm punct 9 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 10 form amod 10 form form NOUN Number=Sing 5 young obl 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 larva punct 12 larva larva NOUN Number=Sing 10 form appos 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 larva punct 14 of of ADP _ 16 insects case 15 some some DET PronType=Ind 16 insects det 16 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 10 form nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 beetles punct 18 especially especially ADV _ 19 beetles advmod 19 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 16 insects conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 22 lives punct 21 which which PRON PronType=Rel 22 lives nsubj 22 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 beetles acl:relcl 23 in in ADP _ 24 soil case 24 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 22 lives obl 25 or or CCONJ _ 26 wood cc 26 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 24 soil conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 young punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a grub worm like form of some insects and beetles obl ; young property tree rules 2 live present beetles soil or wood vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location 3 form some insects and beetles nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, UK, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.
Grub means food: «Grub's up!» means the meal is ready.
The tree, 11 words nsubj obj punct punct nsubj cop nsubj punct punct parataxis det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Grub NOUN means VERB food NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Grub NOUN 's AUX up ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT means VERB the DET meal NOUN is AUX ready ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 2 means punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 8 up punct 6 Grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 8 up nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 up cop 8 up up ADV _ 11 means nsubj 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 8 up punct 10 » » PUNCT _ 8 up punct 11 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means parataxis 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 meal det 13 meal meal NOUN Number=Sing 15 ready nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 ready cop 15 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 11 means ccomp 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Grub food vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic 2 is in a quote present Grub up property tree rules 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 4 is present the meal ready property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To grub means to dig or search about in the ground or in a messy place: «the pig grubbed for roots».
The tree, 21 words mark csubj mark xcomp cc conj case case det obl cc case det amod conj punct punct det nsubj parataxis case obl punct punct root To PART grub VERB means VERB to PART dig VERB or CCONJ search VERB about ADP in ADP the DET ground NOUN or CCONJ in ADP a DET messy ADJ place NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET pig NOUN grubbed VERB for ADP roots NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 grub mark 2 grub grub VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 dig mark 5 dig dig VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 search cc 7 search search VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 dig conj 8 about about ADP _ 11 ground case 9 in in ADP _ 11 ground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ground det 11 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 7 search obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 16 place cc 13 in in ADP _ 16 place case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 place det 15 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 16 place amod 16 place place NOUN Number=Sing 11 ground conj 17 : : PUNCT _ 21 grubbed punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 21 grubbed punct 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 pig det 20 pig pig NOUN Number=Sing 21 grubbed nsubj 21 grubbed grub VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means parataxis 22 for for ADP _ 23 roots case 23 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 21 grubbed obl 24 » » PUNCT _ 21 grubbed punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grub to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 dig not said to happen to-infinitive vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 search infinitive about the ground or a messy place vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about ground=Location 5 grub in a quote participle the pig for roots tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: Australia — kept apart, not parsed.
A «witchetty grub» is a large grub eaten as traditional bush food by Aboriginal people.
The tree, 15 words det punct compound nsubj punct cop det amod acl case amod compound obl case amod obl:agent punct root A DET « PUNCT witchetty NOUN grub NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET large ADJ grub NOUN eaten VERB as ADP traditional ADJ bush NOUN food NOUN by ADP Aboriginal ADJ people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 grub det 2 « « PUNCT _ 4 grub punct 3 witchetty witchetty NOUN Number=Sing 4 grub compound 4 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 9 grub nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 grub punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 grub cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 grub det 8 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 9 grub amod 9 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 grub acl 11 as as ADP _ 14 food case 12 traditional traditional ADJ Degree=Pos 14 food amod 13 bush bush NOUN Number=Sing 14 food compound 14 food food NOUN Number=Sing 10 eaten obl 15 by by ADP _ 17 people case 16 Aboriginal aboriginal ADJ Degree=Pos 17 people amod 17 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 eaten obl:agent 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 grub punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a witchetty grub a large grub tree rules 2 eat participle a large grub not said here as traditional bush food vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The bird pulled a fat grub out of the lawn.
det nsubj det amod obj case case det obl punct root The DET bird NOUN pulled VERB a DET fat ADJ grub NOUN out ADP of ADP the DET lawn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bird det 2 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled nsubj 3 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 grub det 5 fat fat ADJ Degree=Pos 6 grub amod 6 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled obj 7 out out ADP _ 10 lawn case 8 of of ADP _ 10 lawn case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 lawn det 10 lawn lawn NOUN Number=Sing 3 pulled obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull past the bird a fat grub the lawn vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent grub=Theme out lawn=Initial_Location
Example 2 A beetle grub lives in rotten wood.
det compound nsubj case amod obl punct root A DET beetle NOUN grub NOUN lives VERB in ADP rotten ADJ wood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 grub det 2 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 3 grub compound 3 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 4 lives nsubj 4 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 wood case 6 rotten rotten ADJ Degree=Pos 7 wood amod 7 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 4 lives obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 lives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present a beetle grub rotten wood vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wood=Location
Example 3 «Grub's up!» called Dad from the kitchen.
punct nsubj cop nmod punct punct obj case det obl punct root « PUNCT Grub NOUN 's AUX up ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT called VERB Dad PROPN from ADP the DET kitchen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Grub punct 2 Grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 7 called nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 up cop 4 up up ADV _ 2 Grub nmod 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Grub punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Grub punct 7 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 7 called obj 9 from from ADP _ 11 kitchen case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 kitchen det 11 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 7 called obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present up property tree rules 2 call speech: express past Grub Dad the kitchen vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent dad=Theme from kitchen=Source
Example 4 The food at camp was good grub.
det nsubj case nmod cop amod punct root The DET food NOUN at ADP camp NOUN was AUX good ADJ grub NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 food det 2 food food NOUN Number=Sing 7 grub nsubj 3 at at ADP _ 4 camp case 4 camp camp NOUN Number=Sing 2 food nmod 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 grub cop 6 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grub amod 7 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 grub punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the food at camp good grub tree rules
Example 5 Witchetty grubs are a traditional Aboriginal bush food.
compound nsubj cop det amod amod compound punct root Witchetty NOUN grubs NOUN are AUX a DET traditional ADJ Aboriginal ADJ bush NOUN food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Witchetty witchetty NOUN Number=Sing 2 grubs compound 2 grubs grub NOUN Number=Plur 8 food nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 food cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 food det 5 traditional traditional ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food amod 6 Aboriginal aboriginal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food amod 7 bush bush NOUN Number=Sing 8 food compound 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Witchetty grubs a traditional Aboriginal bush food tree rules
Example 6 The hedgehog grubbed around in the leaves for insects.
det acl advmod case det obl case nmod punct root The DET hedgehog NOUN grubbed VERB around ADV in ADP the DET leaves NOUN for ADP insects NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hedgehog det 2 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 grubbed grub VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 hedgehog acl 4 around around ADV _ 3 grubbed advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 leaves case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 leaves det 7 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 grubbed obl 8 for for ADP _ 9 insects case 9 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 7 leaves nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 hedgehog punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grub around participle the hedgehog not said here the leaves for insects around property tree rules
Example 7 A grub is the larva stage of a beetle.
det nsubj cop det compound case det nmod punct root A DET grub NOUN is AUX the DET larva NOUN stage NOUN of ADP a DET beetle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 grub det 2 grub grub NOUN Number=Sing 6 stage nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stage cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stage det 5 larva larva NOUN Number=Sing 6 stage compound 6 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 beetle case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 beetle det 9 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 6 stage nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 stage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a grub the larva stage of a beetle tree rules
Example 8 Catherine went as she was bid, and began to grub for them, and soon made herself very dirty with the earth.
The tree, 21 words nsubj mark nsubj aux:pass xcomp punct cc conj mark xcomp case obl punct cc advmod conj obj advmod xcomp case det obl punct root Catherine PROPN went VERB as SCONJ she PRON was AUX bid VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ began VERB to PART grub VERB for ADP them PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ soon ADV made VERB herself PRON very ADV dirty ADJ with ADP the DET earth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Catherine Catherine PROPN Number=Sing 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as SCONJ _ 6 bid mark 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 bid nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 bid aux:pass 6 bid bid VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 went xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 began punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 began cc 9 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 went conj 10 to to PART _ 11 grub mark 11 grub grub VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 began xcomp 12 for for ADP _ 13 them case 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 grub obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 made punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 17 made cc 16 soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 17 made advmod 17 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 went conj 18 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 17 made obj 19 very very ADV _ 20 dirty advmod 20 dirty dirty ADJ Degree=Pos 17 made xcomp 21 with with ADP _ 23 earth case 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 earth det 23 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 20 dirty obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past Catherine vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 bid past · passive Catherine tree rules 3 begin past Catherine not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 grub to-infinitive Catherine not said here for them = they tree rules 5 make past Catherine not said here Catherine dirty, soon property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset herself=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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