grunt Who acts: grunt, People, worker, Dad, brother, I · What happens: grunt, be, lift, answer, rank, do · To what, where: sound, something, ranking soldier, pig, mud, sofa
«grunt» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grunt in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To grunt is to make a short low sound in your throat, like a pig.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj cop mark det amod amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct case det conj punct root To PART grunt VERB is AUX to PART make VERB a DET short ADJ low ADJ sound NOUN in ADP your PRON throat NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET pig NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 grunt mark 2 grunt grunt VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 sound det 7 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sound amod 8 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sound amod 9 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 10 in in ADP _ 12 throat case 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 throat nmod:poss 12 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 9 sound nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 pig punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 pig case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 pig det 16 pig pig NOUN Number=Sing 5 make conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grunt to-infinitive vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present make property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A grunt is that sound.
det nsubj cop det punct root A DET grunt NOUN is AUX that DET sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 grunt det 2 grunt grunt NOUN Number=Sing 5 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sound cop 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 sound det 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a grunt that sound tree rules
Meaning 3 People grunt when lifting something heavy, or to answer without words when they are tired or grumpy.
The tree, 17 words nsubj advmod advcl obj amod punct cc mark conj case obl mark nsubj cop advcl cc conj punct root People NOUN grunt VERB when ADV lifting VERB something PRON heavy ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART answer VERB without ADP words NOUN when SCONJ they PRON are AUX tired ADJ or CCONJ grumpy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 2 grunt nsubj 2 grunt grunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 4 lifting advmod 4 lifting lift VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 grunt advcl 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 lifting obj 6 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 something amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 answer punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 answer cc 9 to to PART _ 10 answer mark 10 answer answer VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 grunt conj 11 without without ADP _ 12 words case 12 words word NOUN Number=Plur 10 answer obl 13 when when SCONJ _ 16 tired mark 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 tired nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 tired cop 16 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 10 answer advcl 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 grumpy cc 18 grumpy grumpy ADJ Degree=Pos 16 tired conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 grunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grunt present People vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 lift gerund People not said here something vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 3 answer speech: assert to-infinitive People not said here without words vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is present People tired property tree rules 5 be People not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.
A grunt is a low-ranking soldier or worker who does hard, boring jobs.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct amod obl punct root A DET grunt NOUN is AUX a DET low ADJ - PUNCT ranking VERB soldier NOUN or CCONJ worker NOUN who PRON does VERB hard ADV , PUNCT boring ADJ jobs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 grunt det 2 grunt grunt NOUN Number=Sing 8 soldier nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 soldier cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 soldier det 5 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 7 ranking amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 low punct 7 ranking rank VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 soldier amod 8 soldier soldier NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 worker cc 10 worker worker NOUN Number=Sing 8 soldier conj 11 who who PRON PronType=Rel 12 does nsubj 12 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 worker acl:relcl 13 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 12 does advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 jobs punct 15 boring boring ADJ Degree=Pos 16 jobs amod 16 jobs job NOUN Number=Plur 8 soldier obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 soldier punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rank gerund vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a grunt a ranking soldier or worker boring jobs obl tree rules 3 do present worker hard property vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The pig grunted in the mud.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET pig NOUN grunted VERB in ADP the DET mud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pig det 2 pig pig NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 grunted grunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 pig acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 mud case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 mud det 6 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 3 grunted obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 pig punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grunt participle the pig not said here the mud vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Dad grunted as he lifted the sofa.
nsubj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Dad NOUN grunted VERB as SCONJ he PRON lifted VERB the DET sofa NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 grunted nsubj 2 grunted grunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 as as SCONJ _ 5 lifted mark 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 lifted nsubj 5 lifted lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 grunted advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sofa det 7 sofa sofa NOUN Number=Sing 5 lifted obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 grunted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grunt past Dad vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 lift past Dad the sofa vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sofa=Theme
Example 3 My brother just grunts when I ask about school.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod advmod nsubj advcl case obl punct root My PRON brother NOUN just ADV grunts VERB when ADV I PRON ask VERB about ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 grunts nsubj 3 just just ADV _ 4 grunts advmod 4 grunts grunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 ask advmod 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 ask nsubj 7 ask ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 grunts advcl 8 about about ADP _ 9 school case 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 ask obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 grunts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grunt present My brother vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 ask speech: ask present I about school vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.topic whether S»: agent=Agent about school=Topic
Example 4 The tennis player grunted with every shot.
det compound acl case det obl punct root The DET tennis NOUN player NOUN grunted VERB with ADP every DET shot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 player det 2 tennis tennis NOUN Number=Sing 3 player compound 3 player player NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 grunted grunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 player acl 5 with with ADP _ 7 shot case 6 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 shot det 7 shot shot NOUN Number=Sing 4 grunted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 player punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grunt participle the tennis player not said here with every shot vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 He gave a grunt of agreement.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root He PRON gave VERB a DET grunt NOUN of ADP agreement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 grunt det 4 grunt grunt NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 agreement case 6 agreement agreement NOUN Number=Sing 4 grunt nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past He a grunt of agreement vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grunt=Theme 2 grunt agreement nom grunt «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 6 I got stuck with all the grunt work.
nsubj xcomp case det:predet det compound obl punct root I PRON got VERB stuck ADJ with ADP all DET the DET grunt NOUN work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos 2 got xcomp 4 with with ADP _ 8 work case 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 work det:predet 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 work det 7 grunt grunt NOUN Number=Sing 8 work compound 8 work work NOUN Number=Sing 3 stuck obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past I stuck property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 7 But the ugly old Fairy only grunted and made no answer.
cc det amod amod nsubj advmod cc conj det obj punct root But CCONJ the DET ugly ADJ old ADJ Fairy NOUN only ADV grunted VERB and CCONJ made VERB no DET answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 7 grunted cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Fairy det 3 ugly ugly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Fairy amod 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Fairy amod 5 Fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 7 grunted nsubj 6 only only ADV _ 7 grunted advmod 7 grunted grunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 made cc 9 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 grunted conj 10 no no DET PronType=Neg 11 answer det 11 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 9 made obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 grunted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grunt past the ugly old Fairy vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make past the ugly old Fairy not said here no answer vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset answer=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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