gull

Who acts: large grey seabird, gull, gulls, We, you, Kotick · What happens: see, call, trick, fool, steal, cry · To what, where: loud cry, beaches, seagull, someone, chips, beach · Speech: someone speaks here

«gull» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gull in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A large grey and white seabird with long wings and a loud cry, often seen at beaches and harbours; also called a seagull.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 seabird	det
2	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 seabird	amod
3	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 seabird	amod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 white	cc
5	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 grey	conj
6	seabird	seabird	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 wings	case
8	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 wings	amod
9	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 seabird	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 cry	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 cry	det
12	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 cry	amod
13	cry	cry	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wings	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 seen	punct
15	often	often	ADV	_	16 seen	advmod
16	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 cry	acl:relcl
17	at	at	ADP	_	18 beaches	case
18	beaches	beach	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 seen	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 harbours	cc
20	harbours	harbour	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 beaches	conj
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 called	punct
22	also	also	ADV	_	23 called	advmod
23	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 seabird	acl
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 seagull	det
25	seagull	seagull	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 called	xcomp
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 seabird	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	participle		a loud cry not said here		beaches and harbours		often property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	call	participle	a large grey seabird with long wings and a loud cry not said here	a seagull					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: old-fashioned verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To trick or fool someone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 trick	mark
2	trick	trick	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 fool	cc
4	fool	fool	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 trick	conj
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 fool	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 trick	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trick	to-infinitive							vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	fool	infinitive		someone					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient

Example 1

A gull stole my chips at the beach!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gull	det
2	gull	gull	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stole	nsubj
3	stole	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 chips	nmod:poss
5	chips	chip	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stole	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 beach	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 beach	det
8	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stole	obl
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 stole	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	steal	past	a gull	my chips		the beach			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chip=Theme

Example 2

The gulls cried loudly over the harbour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gulls	det
2	gulls	gull	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cried	nsubj
3	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	3 cried	advmod
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 harbour	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 harbour	det
7	harbour	harbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cried	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	past	the gulls			the harbour		loudly property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over harbour=Location

Example 3

We watched gulls following the fishing boat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 watched	nsubj
2	watched	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gulls	gull	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 watched	obj
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 gulls	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 boat	det
6	fishing	fishing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 boat	compound
7	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 following	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 watched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	watch	past	We	gulls					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gull=Theme
2	follow	gerund	gulls not said here	the fishing boat					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme

Example 4

Gulls have webbed feet for swimming.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gulls	gull	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 webbed	nsubj:pass
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 webbed	aux
3	webbed	web	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 webbed	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 swimming	case
6	swimming	swimming	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 webbed	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 webbed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	web	present · perfect · passive		Gulls				for swimming	tree rules

Example 5

Please don't feed the gulls.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Please	please	INTJ	_	4 feed	discourse
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 feed	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 feed	advmod
4	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 gulls	det
6	gulls	gull	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 feed	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 feed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not feed	imperative · do-support	you not said here	the gulls					vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gull=Recipient

Example 6

A gull was standing on one leg on the rooftop.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gull	det
2	gull	gull	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 standing	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 standing	aux
4	standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 leg	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 leg	nummod
7	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 standing	obl
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 rooftop	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 rooftop	det
10	rooftop	rooftop	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leg	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 standing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past · progressive	a gull			one leg on the rooftop			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on leg=Location

Example 7

Kotick swam back to Novastoshnah, leaving the gulls to scream.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kotick	Kotick	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 swam	nsubj
2	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	back	back	ADV	_	2 swam	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Novastoshnah	case
5	Novastoshnah	Novastoshnah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 swam	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 leaving	punct
7	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 swam	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gulls	det
9	gulls	gull	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 leaving	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 scream	mark
11	scream	scream	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 gulls	acl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 swam	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	swim back	past	Kotick		Novastoshnah	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to novastoshnah=Destination
2	leave	gerund	Kotick not said here	the gulls		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gull=Theme
3	scream speech: express	to-infinitive	Kotick not said here	the gulls not said here		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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