gulp Who acts: you, He, She, I, teacher, my · What happens: swallow, drink, be, gulp, breathe, gulp down · To what, where: food, big mouthfuls, water, gulp air, air, milk · Speech: someone speaks here
«gulp» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gulp in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To swallow food or drink quickly in big mouthfuls.
mark obj cc conj advmod case amod obl punct root To PART swallow VERB food NOUN or CCONJ drink VERB quickly ADV in ADP big ADJ mouthfuls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 swallow mark 2 swallow swallow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 swallow obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 drink cc 5 drink drink VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 swallow conj 6 quickly quickly ADV _ 5 drink advmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 mouthfuls case 8 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 9 mouthfuls amod 9 mouthfuls mouthful NOUN Number=Plur 5 drink obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 swallow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swallow to-infinitive food vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient 2 drink infinitive big mouthfuls quickly property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To swallow suddenly because you are nervous, scared or surprised.
mark advmod mark nsubj cop advcl punct conj cc conj punct root To PART swallow VERB suddenly ADV because SCONJ you PRON are AUX nervous ADJ , PUNCT scared ADJ or CCONJ surprised ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 swallow mark 2 swallow swallow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 2 swallow advmod 4 because because SCONJ _ 7 nervous mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 nervous nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 nervous cop 7 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 2 swallow advcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 scared punct 9 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 7 nervous conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 surprised cc 11 surprised surprised ADJ Degree=Pos 7 nervous conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 swallow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swallow to-infinitive suddenly property vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present you nervous property tree rules 3 be you not said here tree rules 4 be you not said here tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A big swallow or mouthful: «a gulp of water».
det amod cc conj punct punct det appos case nmod punct punct root A DET big ADJ swallow NOUN or CCONJ mouthful NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET gulp NOUN of ADP water NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 swallow det 2 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 3 swallow amod 3 swallow swallow NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 mouthful cc 5 mouthful mouthful NOUN Number=Sing 3 swallow conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 gulp punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 gulp punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 gulp det 9 gulp gulp NOUN Number=Sing 3 swallow appos 10 of of ADP _ 11 water case 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 9 gulp nmod 12 » » PUNCT _ 9 gulp punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 swallow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gulp in a quote water nom gulp «act transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 4 To breathe in air quickly: «gulp air».
mark case obl advmod punct punct compound obl punct punct root To PART breathe VERB in ADP air NOUN quickly ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT gulp NOUN air NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 breathe mark 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 air case 4 air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 breathe obl 5 quickly quickly ADV _ 2 breathe advmod 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 air punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 air punct 8 gulp gulp NOUN Number=Sing 9 air compound 9 air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 breathe obl 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 air punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe to-infinitive gulp air air quickly property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 He gulped down his milk and ran out of the door.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss obj cc conj case case det obl punct root He PRON gulped VERB down ADP his PRON milk NOUN and CCONJ ran VERB out ADP of ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gulped nsubj 2 gulped gulp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 gulped compound:prt 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 milk nmod:poss 5 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 gulped obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 ran cc 7 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 gulped conj 8 out out ADP _ 11 door case 9 of of ADP _ 11 door case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 door det 11 door door NOUN Number=Sing 7 ran obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 gulped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gulp down past He his milk vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient 2 run past He not said here the door vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out door=Trajectory
Example 2 Don't gulp your food; chew it properly.
aux advmod nmod:poss obj punct conj obj advmod punct root Do AUX n't PART gulp VERB your PRON food NOUN ; PUNCT chew VERB it PRON properly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 gulp aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 gulp advmod 3 gulp gulp VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 food nmod:poss 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 gulp obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 chew punct 7 chew chew VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 gulp conj 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 chew obj 9 properly properly ADV _ 7 chew advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 gulp punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not gulp imperative · do-support you not said here your food vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient 2 chew infinitive you not said here food properly property vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 3 She drank the water in one gulp.
nsubj det obj case nummod obl punct root She PRON drank VERB the DET water NOUN in ADP one NUM gulp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 drank nsubj 2 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 water det 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 drank obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 gulp case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 gulp nummod 7 gulp gulp NOUN Number=Sing 2 drank obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink past She the water one gulp vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
Example 4 I gulped when the teacher called my name.
nsubj advmod det nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON gulped VERB when ADV the DET teacher NOUN called VERB my PRON name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 gulped nsubj 2 gulped gulp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 called advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 teacher det 5 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 6 called nsubj 6 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 gulped advcl 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 name nmod:poss 8 name name NOUN Number=Sing 6 called obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 gulped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gulp past I vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 call past the teacher my name vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient 3 name my nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The swimmer came up and gulped air.
det nsubj advmod cc conj obj punct root The DET swimmer NOUN came VERB up ADV and CCONJ gulped VERB air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 swimmer det 2 swimmer swimmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADV _ 3 came advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 gulped cc 6 gulped gulp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 came conj 7 air air NOUN Number=Sing 6 gulped obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come up past the swimmer vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 gulp past the swimmer not said here air vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient
Example 6 Take a big gulp of air before you go under.
det amod obj case nmod mark nsubj advcl advmod punct root Take VERB a DET big ADJ gulp NOUN of ADP air NOUN before SCONJ you PRON go VERB under ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 gulp det 3 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 4 gulp amod 4 gulp gulp NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 air case 6 air air NOUN Number=Sing 4 gulp nmod 7 before before SCONJ _ 9 go mark 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 go nsubj 9 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Take advcl 10 under under ADP _ 9 go advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here a big gulp of air vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gulp=Theme 2 go present you vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 gulp air nom gulp «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 7 Gulp! The giant was looking right at me.
Sentence 1: Gulp!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gulp gulp NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Gulp punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: The giant was looking right at me.
det nsubj aux advmod case obl punct root The DET giant NOUN was AUX looking VERB right ADV at ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 giant det 2 giant giant NOUN Number=Sing 4 looking nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 looking aux 4 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 right right ADV _ 4 looking advmod 6 at at ADP _ 7 me case 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 looking obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 looking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past · progressive the giant at me; right property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at i=Theme
Example 8 And holding the glass with his two hands, he swallowed the medicine at one gulp.
The tree, 15 words cc advcl det obj case nmod:poss nummod obl punct nsubj det obj case nummod obl punct root And CCONJ holding VERB the DET glass NOUN with ADP his PRON two NUM hands NOUN , PUNCT he PRON swallowed VERB the DET medicine NOUN at ADP one NUM gulp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 11 swallowed cc 2 holding hold VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 swallowed advcl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 glass det 4 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 2 holding obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 hands case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 hands nmod:poss 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 hands nummod 8 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 2 holding obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 2 holding punct 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 swallowed nsubj 11 swallowed swallow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 medicine det 13 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 11 swallowed obj 14 at at ADP _ 16 gulp case 15 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 gulp nummod 16 gulp gulp NOUN Number=Sing 11 swallowed obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 11 swallowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold gerund he not said here the glass with his two hands vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Theme 2 swallow past he the medicine one gulp vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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