gurgle Who acts: sound, water, baby, gurgle, animal, tummy · What happens: gurgle, mean, make, bubble, flow, go down · To what, where: bubbling sound, drain, sounds, throat, low sound, stream · Speech: someone speaks here
«gurgle» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gurgle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To gurgle means for water or liquid to make a bubbling sound as it flows, like water going down a drain.
The tree, 21 words mark csubj case obl cc conj mark advcl det amod obj mark nsubj advcl punct case obl acl case det obl punct root To PART gurgle VERB means VERB for ADP water NOUN or CCONJ liquid NOUN to PART make VERB a DET bubbling VERB sound NOUN as SCONJ it PRON flows VERB , PUNCT like ADP water NOUN going VERB down ADP a DET drain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 gurgle mark 2 gurgle gurgle VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 water case 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obl 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 liquid cc 7 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 5 water conj 8 to to PART _ 9 make mark 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means advcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 sound det 11 bubbling bubble VERB VerbForm=Ger 12 sound amod 12 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 9 make obj 13 as as SCONJ _ 15 flows mark 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 flows nsubj 15 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 make advcl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 water punct 17 like like ADP _ 18 water case 18 water water NOUN Number=Sing 15 flows obl 19 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 water acl 20 down down ADP _ 22 drain case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 drain det 22 drain drain NOUN Number=Sing 19 going obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle to-infinitive vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present for water or liquid vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for water=Attribute 3 make to-infinitive a bubbling sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product 4 bubble gerund vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source 5 flow present sound like water vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 6 go down gerund water not said here a drain vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient drain=Extent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A baby gurgles when it makes happy bubbling sounds in its throat.
det nsubj advmod nsubj advcl xcomp xcomp obj case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET baby NOUN gurgles VERB when ADV it PRON makes VERB happy ADJ bubbling VERB sounds NOUN in ADP its PRON throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 gurgles nsubj 3 gurgles gurgle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 makes advmod 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 makes nsubj 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 gurgles advcl 7 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 makes xcomp 8 bubbling bubble VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 makes xcomp 9 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 8 bubbling obj 10 in in ADP _ 12 throat case 11 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 throat nmod:poss 12 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 8 bubbling obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 gurgles punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle present a baby vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 make present baby happy property tree rules 3 bubble gerund baby not said here sounds baby's throat vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sound=Source
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A gurgle is such a bubbling sound.
det nsubj cop det:predet det amod punct root A DET gurgle NOUN is AUX such DET a DET bubbling VERB sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 gurgle det 2 gurgle gurgle NOUN Number=Sing 7 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sound cop 4 such such DET PronType=Ind 7 sound det:predet 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sound det 6 bubbling bubble VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 sound amod 7 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bubble gerund vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source 2 is a present a gurgle such bubbling sound tree rules
Meaning 4 An animal, such as an elephant, can gurgle by making a low sound deep in its throat.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj punct case fixed det appos punct aux mark advcl det amod obj advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root An DET animal NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP an DET elephant NOUN , PUNCT can AUX gurgle VERB by SCONJ making VERB a DET low ADJ sound NOUN deep ADV in ADP its PRON throat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 animal det 2 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 10 gurgle nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 elephant punct 4 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 7 elephant case 5 as as ADP _ 4 such fixed 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 elephant det 7 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 2 animal appos 8 , , PUNCT _ 2 animal punct 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 gurgle aux 10 gurgle gurgle VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 11 by by SCONJ _ 12 making mark 12 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 gurgle advcl 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 sound det 14 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 15 sound amod 15 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 12 making obj 16 deep deep ADV _ 19 throat advmod 17 in in ADP _ 19 throat case 18 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 throat nmod:poss 19 throat throat NOUN Number=Sing 12 making obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 10 gurgle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle can a animal vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location 2 make gerund a animal not said here a low sound animal's throat vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
Example 1 The stream gurgled over the stones.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET stream NOUN gurgled VERB over ADP the DET stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stream det 2 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 gurgled gurgle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 stream acl 4 over over ADP _ 6 stones case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stones det 6 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 3 gurgled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 stream punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle participle the stream not said here the stones vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over stone=Location
Example 2 The baby gurgled and smiled at me.
det acl cc conj case obl punct root The DET baby NOUN gurgled VERB and CCONJ smiled VERB at ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 gurgled gurgle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 baby acl 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 smiled cc 5 smiled smile VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 gurgled conj 6 at at ADP _ 7 me case 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 smiled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 baby punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle participle the baby not said here vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 smile participle at me vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Water gurgled down the plughole.
acl case det obl punct root Water NOUN gurgled VERB down ADP the DET plughole NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 gurgled gurgle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Water acl 3 down down ADP _ 5 plughole case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 plughole det 5 plughole plughole NOUN Number=Sing 2 gurgled obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Water punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle participle Water not said here down the plughole vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 My tummy gurgled before lunch.
nmod:poss nsubj case obl punct root My PRON tummy NOUN gurgled VERB before ADP lunch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 tummy nmod:poss 2 tummy tummy NOUN Number=Sing 3 gurgled nsubj 3 gurgled gurgle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 before before ADP _ 5 lunch case 5 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 3 gurgled obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 gurgled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle participle My tummy lunch vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before lunch=Location
Example 5 We heard the gurgle of a little brook.
nsubj det obj case det amod nmod punct root We PRON heard VERB the DET gurgle NOUN of ADP a DET little ADJ brook NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 gurgle det 4 gurgle gurgle NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 brook case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 brook det 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 brook amod 8 brook brook NOUN Number=Sing 4 gurgle nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We the gurgle of a little brook vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer gurgle=Stimulus 2 gurgle a little brook nom gurgle «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 6 She gurgled with laughter.
nsubj case obl punct root She PRON gurgled VERB with ADP laughter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gurgled nsubj 2 gurgled gurgle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 laughter case 4 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing 2 gurgled obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 gurgled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gurgle past She with laughter vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with laughter=Theme
Example 7 Kala Nag did not answer to the order by gurgling, as he usually did.
The tree, 14 words nsubj flat aux advmod case det obl mark advcl punct mark nsubj advmod parataxis punct root Kala PROPN Nag PROPN did AUX not PART answer VERB to ADP the DET order NOUN by SCONJ gurgling VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ he PRON usually ADV did VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kala Kala PROPN Number=Sing 5 answer nsubj 2 Nag Nag PROPN Number=Sing 1 Kala flat 3 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 answer aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 answer advmod 5 answer answer VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 order case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 order det 8 order order NOUN Number=Sing 5 answer obl 9 by by SCONJ _ 10 gurgling mark 10 gurgling gurgle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 answer advcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 did punct 12 as as SCONJ _ 15 did mark 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 did nsubj 14 usually usually ADV _ 15 did advmod 15 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 answer parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 answer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not answer speech: assert past · do-support Kala to the order vn subordinate-95.2.1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to order=Co-Agent 2 gurgle gerund Kala not said here vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 do past Kala usually property vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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