gunpowder Who acts: Gunpowder, black powder, Guy Fawkes, We, Fireworks, Pirates · What happens: be, explode, lit, make, use, invent · To what, where: black powder, saltpetre, Gunpowder, old guns, fireworks, ancient China
«gunpowder» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gunpowder in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Gunpowder is a black powder that explodes when lit, made from saltpetre, charcoal and sulphur; it was used in old guns and cannons and is still used in fireworks.
The tree, 29 words nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod advcl punct conj case obl punct conj cc conj punct nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis case amod obl cc conj cc aux:pass advmod conj case obl punct root Gunpowder NOUN is AUX a DET black ADJ powder NOUN that PRON explodes VERB when ADV lit VERB , PUNCT made VERB from ADP saltpetre NOUN , PUNCT charcoal NOUN and CCONJ sulphur NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON was AUX used VERB in ADP old ADJ guns NOUN and CCONJ cannons NOUN and CCONJ is AUX still ADV used VERB in ADP fireworks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 5 powder nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 powder cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 powder det 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 5 powder amod 5 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 explodes nsubj 7 explodes explode VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 powder acl:relcl 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 lit advmod 9 lit lit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 explodes advcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 made punct 11 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 lit conj 12 from from ADP _ 13 saltpetre case 13 saltpetre saltpetre NOUN Number=Sing 11 made obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 charcoal punct 15 charcoal charcoal NOUN Number=Sing 13 saltpetre conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 sulphur cc 17 sulphur sulphur NOUN Number=Sing 13 saltpetre conj 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 used punct 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 used nsubj:pass 20 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 used aux:pass 21 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 powder parataxis 22 in in ADP _ 24 guns case 23 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 24 guns amod 24 guns gun NOUN Number=Plur 21 used obl 25 and and CCONJ _ 26 cannons cc 26 cannons cannon NOUN Number=Plur 24 guns conj 27 and and CCONJ _ 30 used cc 28 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 30 used aux:pass 29 still still ADV _ 30 used advmod 30 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 used conj 31 in in ADP _ 32 fireworks case 32 fireworks firework NOUN Number=Plur 30 used obl 33 . . PUNCT _ 5 powder punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Gunpowder a black powder tree rules 2 explode present a black powder vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 lit participle a black powder not said here tree rules 4 make participle a black powder not said here saltpetre and charcoal and sulphur vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from saltpetre=Material 5 use past · passive Gunpowder old guns and cannons vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 6 use present · passive fireworks still vn eat-39.1 «NP V»
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Gunpowder was invented in ancient China.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root Gunpowder NOUN was AUX invented VERB in ADP ancient ADJ China PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 3 invented nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 invented aux:pass 3 invented invent VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 China case 5 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 6 China amod 6 China China PROPN Number=Sing 3 invented obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 invented punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 invent past · passive Gunpowder ancient China vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
Example 2 Guy Fawkes hid barrels of gunpowder under Parliament.
compound nsubj obj case nmod case obl punct root Guy NOUN Fawkes NOUN hid VERB barrels NOUN of ADP gunpowder NOUN under ADP Parliament PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Guy guy NOUN Number=Sing 2 Fawkes compound 2 Fawkes fawke NOUN Number=Plur 3 hid nsubj 3 hid hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 barrels barrel NOUN Number=Plur 3 hid obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 gunpowder case 6 gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 4 barrels nmod 7 under under ADP _ 8 Parliament case 8 Parliament Parliament PROPN Number=Sing 3 hid obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 hid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hide past Guy Fawkes barrels of gunpowder Parliament vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent barrel=Patient under parliament=Location
Example 3 We remember the Gunpowder Plot on Bonfire Night.
nsubj det compound obj case compound nmod punct root We PRON remember VERB the DET Gunpowder PROPN Plot PROPN on ADP Bonfire PROPN Night PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 remember nsubj 2 remember remember VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Plot det 4 Gunpowder Gunpowder PROPN Number=Sing 5 Plot compound 5 Plot Plot PROPN Number=Sing 2 remember obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 Night case 7 Bonfire Bonfire PROPN Number=Sing 8 Night compound 8 Night Night PROPN Number=Sing 5 Plot nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 remember punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remember present We the Gunpowder Plot on Bonfire Night vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent plot=Theme
Example 4 Fireworks use a kind of gunpowder to shoot into the sky.
nsubj det obj case nmod mark advcl case det obl punct root Fireworks NOUN use VERB a DET kind NOUN of ADP gunpowder NOUN to PART shoot VERB into ADP the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fireworks firework NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kind det 4 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 gunpowder case 6 gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod 7 to to PART _ 8 shoot mark 8 shoot shoot VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 9 into into ADP _ 11 sky case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sky det 11 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 8 shoot obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Fireworks a kind of gunpowder vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient 2 shoot to-infinitive Fireworks not said here the sky vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent into sky=Destination
Example 5 Pirates kept their gunpowder dry in the ship's hold.
nsubj nmod:poss obj xcomp case det nmod:poss case obl punct root Pirates NOUN kept VERB their PRON gunpowder NOUN dry ADJ in ADP the DET ship NOUN 's PART hold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pirates pirate NOUN Number=Plur 2 kept nsubj 2 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 gunpowder nmod:poss 4 gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 2 kept obj 5 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 2 kept xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 10 hold case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ship det 8 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 10 hold nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 ship case 10 hold hold NOUN Number=Sing 2 kept obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past Pirates Pirates's gunpowder the ship's hold dry property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent gunpowder=Theme in hold=Location 2 hold the ship nom hold «act transitive»: poss=patient
Example 6 Gunpowder is a mixture of saltpetre, charcoal and sulphur.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct conj cc conj punct root Gunpowder NOUN is AUX a DET mixture NOUN of ADP saltpetre NOUN , PUNCT charcoal NOUN and CCONJ sulphur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 4 mixture nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 mixture cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 mixture det 4 mixture mixture NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 saltpetre case 6 saltpetre saltpetre NOUN Number=Sing 4 mixture nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 charcoal punct 8 charcoal charcoal NOUN Number=Sing 4 mixture conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 sulphur cc 10 sulphur sulphur NOUN Number=Sing 8 charcoal conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 mixture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Gunpowder a mixture and charcoal and sulphur of saltpetre tree rules
Example 7 Never play with fireworks or anything that contains gunpowder.
advmod case obl cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Never ADV play VERB with ADP fireworks NOUN or CCONJ anything PRON that PRON contains VERB gunpowder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 play advmod 2 play play VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 fireworks case 4 fireworks firework NOUN Number=Plur 2 play obl 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 anything cc 6 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 fireworks conj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 contains nsubj 8 contains contain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 anything acl:relcl 9 gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 8 contains obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not play imperative you not said here with fireworks vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with firework=Theme 2 contain present gunpowder vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gunpowder=Theme
Example 8 The cannon fired with a bang and a puff of gunpowder smoke.
det acl case det obl cc det conj case compound nmod punct root The DET cannon NOUN fired VERB with ADP a DET bang NOUN and CCONJ a DET puff NOUN of ADP gunpowder NOUN smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cannon det 2 cannon cannon NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 fired fire VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 cannon acl 4 with with ADP _ 6 bang case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bang det 6 bang bang NOUN Number=Sing 3 fired obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 puff cc 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 puff det 9 puff puff NOUN Number=Sing 6 bang conj 10 of of ADP _ 12 smoke case 11 gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 12 smoke compound 12 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 9 puff nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 cannon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fire participle the cannon not said here with a bang and a puff of gunpowder smoke vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 puff gunpowder smoke nom puff «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 9 The air was cold, the battle was hot; there was mist in the air, but still more gunpowder-smoke.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop punct det nsubj cop conj punct expl parataxis nsubj case det nmod punct cc advmod amod compound punct conj punct root The DET air NOUN was AUX cold ADJ , PUNCT the DET battle NOUN was AUX hot ADJ ; PUNCT there PRON was VERB mist NOUN in ADP the DET air NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ still ADV more ADJ gunpowder NOUN - PUNCT smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 air det 2 air air NOUN Number=Sing 4 cold nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cold cop 4 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 hot punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 battle det 7 battle battle NOUN Number=Sing 9 hot nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 hot cop 9 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 cold conj 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 was punct 11 there there PRON PronType=Dem 12 was expl 12 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cold parataxis 13 mist mist NOUN Number=Sing 12 was nsubj 14 in in ADP _ 16 air case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 air det 16 air air NOUN Number=Sing 13 mist nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 23 smoke punct 18 but but CCONJ _ 23 smoke cc 19 still still ADV _ 20 more advmod 20 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 23 smoke amod 21 gunpowder gunpowder NOUN Number=Sing 23 smoke compound 22 - - PUNCT _ 21 gunpowder punct 23 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 4 cold conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 4 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the air cold property tree rules 2 is past the battle hot property tree rules 3 be past mist in the air there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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