hackney

Who acts: it, cousin, sign, Hackney ponies, ponies, you · What happens: step, use, pull, hackney, mean, become · To what, where: carriages, Hackney, legs, hackney coach, hackneyed opening, hackneyed phrases · Speech: someone speaks here

«hackney» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hackney in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

Hackney, a borough (area) in East London.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hackney	hackney	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 borough	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 borough	det
4	borough	borough	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Hackney	appos
5	(	(	PUNCT	_	6 area	punct
6	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 borough	appos
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	6 area	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 East	case
9	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 borough	nmod
10	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 East	flat
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Hackney	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

A hackney carriage: the official name for a taxi in the UK, especially a black cab.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 carriage	det
2	hackney	hackney	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carriage	compound
3	carriage	carriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 name	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 name	det
6	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 name	amod
7	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carriage	appos
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 taxi	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 taxi	det
10	taxi	taxi	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 name	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 UK	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 UK	det
13	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 taxi	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 cab	punct
15	especially	especially	ADV	_	18 cab	advmod
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 cab	det
17	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 cab	amod
18	cab	cab	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 name	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 carriage	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

A breed of horse or pony with a high-stepping trot, once used to pull carriages.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 breed	det
2	breed	breed	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 horse	case
4	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breed	nmod
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 pony	cc
6	pony	pony	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breed	conj
7	with	with	ADP	_	12 trot	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 trot	det
9	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 stepping	amod
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 high	punct
11	stepping	step	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 trot	amod
12	trot	trot	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pony	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 used	punct
14	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	15 used	advmod
15	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 breed	conj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 pull	mark
17	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 used	advcl
18	carriages	carriage	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 pull	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 breed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	step	gerund			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	use	participle		once property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	pull	to-infinitive	carriages		vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carriage=Theme

Meaning 4

«Hackneyed» means used so often it has become boring: a hackneyed phrase.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Hackneyed	punct
2	Hackneyed	hackney	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 means	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Hackneyed	punct
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 means	ccomp
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 become	advmod
7	often	often	ADV	_	10 become	advmod
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 become	nsubj
9	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 become	aux
10	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 used	advcl
11	boring	boring	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 become	xcomp
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 phrase	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 phrase	det
14	hackneyed	hackney	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 phrase	amod
15	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	parataxis
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	hackney in a quote	participle			tree rules
2	mean	present			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	use	participle			vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	become	present · perfect	it	boring, often property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
5	hackney	participle			tree rules

Example 1

My cousin lives in Hackney in East London.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lives	nsubj
3	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Hackney	case
5	Hackney	Hackney	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 lives	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 East	case
7	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 lives	obl
8	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 East	flat
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lives	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	My cousin			Hackney		in East	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hackney=Location

Example 2

The sign on the black cab said «Hackney Carriage».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sign	det
2	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 said	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 cab	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cab	det
5	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cab	amod
6	cab	cab	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sign	nmod
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 Carriage	punct
9	Hackney	Hackney	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Carriage	compound
10	Carriage	Carriage	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 said	ccomp
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 Carriage	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the sign on the black cab						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Example 3

Hackney ponies lift their legs high when they trot.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hackney	hackney	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ponies	compound
2	ponies	pony	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lift	nsubj
3	lift	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 legs	nmod:poss
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lift	obj
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lift	xcomp
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 trot	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 trot	nsubj
9	trot	trot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lift	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lift	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	present	Hackney ponies	ponies's legs				high property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Theme
2	trot	present	ponies = pony						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 4

In Victorian times you could hire a hackney coach.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 times	case
2	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 times	amod
3	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hire	obl
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 hire	nsubj
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 hire	aux
6	hire	hire	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 coach	det
8	hackney	hackney	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 coach	compound
9	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hire	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hire	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hire	could	you	a hackney coach			time		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coach=Theme

Example 5

«Once upon a time» is a hackneyed opening for a story.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Once	punct
2	Once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	10 opening	advmod
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 time	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 time	det
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Once	obl
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Once	punct
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 opening	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 opening	det
9	hackneyed	hackney	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 opening	amod
10	opening	opening	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 story	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 story	det
13	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 opening	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 opening	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hackney	participle							tree rules
2	is a	present		a hackneyed opening				for a story; once property	tree rules

Example 6

The writer avoided hackneyed phrases.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 writer	det
2	writer	writer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 avoided	nsubj
3	avoided	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hackneyed	hackney	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 phrases	amod
5	phrases	phrase	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 avoided	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 avoided	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	past	the writer	hackneyed phrases					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent phrase=Location
2	hackney	participle							tree rules

Example 7

Two minutes later, he was sitting in a hackney-coach and driving to Frederickshafen.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 minutes	nummod
2	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 later	obl:unmarked
3	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 sitting	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 later	punct
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 sitting	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 sitting	aux
7	sitting	sit	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 coach	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 coach	det
10	hackney	hackney	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 coach	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 hackney	punct
12	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sitting	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 driving	cc
14	driving	drive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 sitting	conj
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 Frederickshafen	case
16	Frederickshafen	Frederickshafen	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 driving	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 sitting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	past · progressive	he			a hackney coach		late property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in coach=Location
2	drive	gerund	he not said here			Frederickshafen			vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to frederickshafen=Trajectory

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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