hailstone Who acts: ice, hailstone, hailstones, We, you, men · What happens: fall, freeze, call, bounce off, be, cut · To what, where: storm clouds, small ball, car roof, hailstone, half, rings · Speech: someone speaks here
«hailstone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hailstone in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A small ball of ice that falls from storm clouds, like frozen rain; many hailstones together are called hail.
The tree, 19 words det amod nsubj:pass case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case compound obl punct case amod conj punct amod conj advmod aux:pass xcomp punct root A DET small ADJ ball NOUN of ADP ice NOUN that PRON falls VERB from ADP storm NOUN clouds NOUN , PUNCT like ADP frozen VERB rain NOUN ; PUNCT many ADJ hailstones NOUN together ADV are AUX called VERB hail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 ball det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 ball amod 3 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 20 called nsubj:pass 4 of of ADP _ 5 ice case 5 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 3 ball nmod 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 falls nsubj 7 falls fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 ice acl:relcl 8 from from ADP _ 10 clouds case 9 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 10 clouds compound 10 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 7 falls obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 rain punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 rain case 13 frozen freeze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 rain amod 14 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 10 clouds conj 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 hailstones punct 16 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 17 hailstones amod 17 hailstones hailstone NOUN Number=Plur 3 ball conj 18 together together ADV _ 17 hailstones advmod 19 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 called aux:pass 20 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 21 hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 20 called xcomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 20 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall present ice storm clouds and frozen rain vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from cloud=Initial_Location 2 freeze participle vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 call present · passive a small ball of ice and many hailstones vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A hailstone bounced off the car roof.
det acl case det compound obl punct root A DET hailstone NOUN bounced VERB off ADP the DET car NOUN roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hailstone det 2 hailstone hailstone NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 bounced bounce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 hailstone acl 4 off off ADP _ 7 roof case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 roof det 6 car car NOUN Number=Sing 7 roof compound 7 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 3 bounced obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hailstone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bounce off participle a hailstone not said here the car roof vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Agent
Example 2 Some hailstones were as big as marbles.
det nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root Some DET hailstones NOUN were AUX as ADV big ADJ as ADP marbles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 hailstones det 2 hailstones hailstone NOUN Number=Plur 5 big nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 big cop 4 as as ADV _ 5 big advmod 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 as as ADP _ 7 marbles case 7 marbles marble NOUN Number=Plur 5 big obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 big punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past some hailstones as marbles; big property tree rules
Example 3 We cut a hailstone in half and saw rings of ice inside.
nsubj det obj case obl cc conj obj case nmod advmod punct root We PRON cut VERB a DET hailstone NOUN in ADP half NOUN and CCONJ saw VERB rings NOUN of ADP ice NOUN inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 cut nsubj 2 cut cut VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 hailstone det 4 hailstone hailstone NOUN Number=Sing 2 cut obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 half case 6 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 2 cut obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 saw cc 8 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 cut conj 9 rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 8 saw obj 10 of of ADP _ 11 ice case 11 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 9 rings nmod 12 inside inside ADV _ 8 saw advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut present We a hailstone half vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hailstone=Product 2 see past We not said here rings of ice inside property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ring=Stimulus
Example 4 The hailstones made a loud noise on the tin roof.
det nsubj det amod obj case det compound obl punct root The DET hailstones NOUN made VERB a DET loud ADJ noise NOUN on ADP the DET tin NOUN roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hailstones det 2 hailstones hailstone NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 noise det 5 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 6 noise amod 6 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 7 on on ADP _ 10 roof case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 roof det 9 tin tin NOUN Number=Sing 10 roof compound 10 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the hailstones a loud noise the tin roof vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product
Example 5 Hailstones melted quickly on the warm path.
acl advmod case det amod obl punct root Hailstones NOUN melted VERB quickly ADV on ADP the DET warm ADJ path NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hailstones hailstone NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 melted melt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Hailstones acl 3 quickly quickly ADV _ 2 melted advmod 4 on on ADP _ 7 path case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 path det 6 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 7 path amod 7 path path NOUN Number=Sing 2 melted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hailstones punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 melt participle Hailstones not said here the warm path quickly property vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 Go inside when the hailstones start to fall.
advmod mark det nsubj advcl mark xcomp punct root Go VERB inside ADV when SCONJ the DET hailstones NOUN start VERB to PART fall VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 inside inside ADV _ 1 Go advmod 3 when when SCONJ _ 6 start mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 hailstones det 5 hailstones hailstone NOUN Number=Plur 6 start nsubj 6 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Go advcl 7 to to PART _ 8 fall mark 8 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 start xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go imperative you not said here inside property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 start present the hailstones vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 fall to-infinitive the hailstones not said here vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Mongan’s men made a roof of their shields, and the hailstones battered on the shields so terribly that even under them they were afraid.
The tree, 25 words nmod:poss case nsubj det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct cc det nsubj:pass parataxis case det obl advmod advmod mark advmod case nsubj nsubj cop advcl punct root Mongan PROPN ’s PART men NOUN made VERB a DET roof NOUN of ADP their PRON shields NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET hailstones NOUN battered VERB on ADP the DET shields NOUN so ADV terribly ADV that SCONJ even ADV under ADP them PRON they PRON were AUX afraid ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mongan Mongan PROPN Number=Sing 3 men nmod:poss 2 ’s 's PART _ 1 Mongan case 3 men man NOUN Number=Plur 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 roof det 6 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 shields case 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 shields nmod:poss 9 shields shield NOUN Number=Plur 6 roof nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 battered punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 battered cc 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 hailstones det 13 hailstones hailstone NOUN Number=Plur 14 battered nsubj:pass 14 battered batter VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 made parataxis 15 on on ADP _ 17 shields case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 shields det 17 shields shield NOUN Number=Plur 14 battered obl 18 so so ADV _ 19 terribly advmod 19 terribly terribly ADV _ 26 afraid advmod 20 that that SCONJ _ 26 afraid mark 21 even even ADV _ 23 them advmod 22 under under ADP _ 23 them case 23 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 afraid nsubj 24 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 afraid nsubj 25 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 26 afraid cop 26 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 14 battered advcl 27 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Mongan's men a roof of men's shields vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Product 2 batter participle · passive the hailstones on the shields vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Instrument on shield=Patient 3 is past hailstones = hailstone afraid, terribly property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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