hail Who acts: Hail, ice, attention, someone, lot, things · What happens: be, fall, mean, call out, wave, get · To what, where: small balls, storm clouds, attention, taxi, lot, someone · Speech: someone speaks here
«hail» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hail in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Hail is small balls of ice that fall from storm clouds like hard rain.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop amod case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case compound obl case amod nmod punct root Hail NOUN is AUX small ADJ balls NOUN of ADP ice NOUN that PRON fall VERB from ADP storm NOUN clouds NOUN like ADP hard ADJ rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 4 balls nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 balls cop 3 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 balls amod 4 balls ball NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 ice case 6 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 4 balls nmod 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 fall nsubj 8 fall fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ice acl:relcl 9 from from ADP _ 11 clouds case 10 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 11 clouds compound 11 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 8 fall obl 12 like like ADP _ 14 rain case 13 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 14 rain amod 14 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 11 clouds nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 balls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Hail small balls of ice tree rules 2 fall present ice storm clouds like hard rain vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from cloud=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To hail means to call out or wave to get someone's attention, such as hailing a taxi.
The tree, 18 words mark nsubj mark ccomp compound:prt cc conj mark advcl nmod:poss case obj punct mark fixed acl:relcl det obj punct root To PART hail NOUN means VERB to PART call VERB out ADP or CCONJ wave VERB to PART get VERB someone PRON 's PART attention NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP hailing VERB a DET taxi NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hail mark 2 hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 call mark 5 call call VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 out out ADP _ 5 call compound:prt 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 wave cc 8 wave wave VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 call conj 9 to to PART _ 10 get mark 10 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 wave advcl 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 attention nmod:poss 12 's 's PART _ 11 someone case 13 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 10 get obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 hailing punct 15 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 17 hailing mark 16 as as ADP _ 15 such fixed 17 hailing hail VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 attention acl:relcl 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 taxi det 19 taxi taxi NOUN Number=Sing 17 hailing obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present hail vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 call out speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 wave infinitive vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 get to-infinitive someone's attention vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus 5 hail gerund someone's attention not said here a taxi vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent taxi=Theme 6 attend someone nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 3 A hail of things is a lot of them coming at once, like a hail of stones.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj case nmod cop det case nmod acl case obl punct case det obl case nmod punct root A DET hail NOUN of ADP things NOUN is AUX a DET lot NOUN of ADP them PRON coming VERB at ADP once ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET hail NOUN of ADP stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hail det 2 hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 7 lot nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 things case 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 hail nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 lot cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 lot det 7 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 them case 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 lot nmod 10 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 lot acl 11 at at ADP _ 12 once case 12 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 10 coming obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 hail punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 hail case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 hail det 16 hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 10 coming obl 17 of of ADP _ 18 stones case 18 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 16 hail nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 lot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hail of things a lot of things = thing tree rules 2 come gerund a lot not said here like a hail of stones vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location 3 hail things nom hail «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent 4 hail stones nom hail «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent
Meaning 4 To hail someone as something means to praise them loudly as that, like hailing a player as a hero.
The tree, 19 words mark csubj obj case obl mark xcomp obj advmod case obl punct mark advcl det obj case det obl punct root To PART hail VERB someone PRON as ADP something PRON means VERB to PART praise VERB them PRON loudly ADV as ADP that PRON , PUNCT like SCONJ hailing VERB a DET player NOUN as ADP a DET hero NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hail mark 2 hail hail VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 hail obj 4 as as ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 hail obl 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 praise mark 8 praise praise VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means xcomp 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 praise obj 10 loudly loudly ADV _ 8 praise advmod 11 as as ADP _ 12 that case 12 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 praise obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 hailing punct 14 like like SCONJ _ 15 hailing mark 15 hailing hail VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 praise advcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 player det 17 player player NOUN Number=Sing 15 hailing obj 18 as as ADP _ 20 hero case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 hero det 20 hero hero NOUN Number=Sing 15 hailing obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hail to-infinitive someone as something vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent someone=Theme as something=Attribute 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 praise not said to happen to-infinitive them = they as that; loudly property vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent they=Theme as that=Attribute 4 hail gerund a player as a hero vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent player=Theme as hero=Attribute
Meaning 5 To hail from a place means to come from there.
mark csubj case det obl mark ccomp case obl punct root To PART hail VERB from ADP a DET place NOUN means VERB to PART come VERB from ADP there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hail mark 2 hail hail VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 from from ADP _ 5 place case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 place det 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 hail obl 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 come mark 8 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 9 from from ADP _ 10 there case 10 there there ADV PronType=Dem 8 come obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hail to-infinitive a place vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 come not said to happen to-infinitive vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from there=Initial_Location
Meaning 6 Hail can also be an old greeting, a way of saying hello to someone.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux advmod cop det amod punct det conj mark acl obj case obl punct root Hail NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX an DET old ADJ greeting NOUN , PUNCT a DET way NOUN of SCONJ saying VERB hello NOUN to ADP someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 7 greeting nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 greeting aux 3 also also ADV _ 7 greeting advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 greeting cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 greeting det 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 greeting amod 7 greeting greeting NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 way punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 7 greeting conj 11 of of SCONJ _ 12 saying mark 12 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 way acl 13 hello hello NOUN Number=Sing 12 saying obj 14 to to ADP _ 15 someone case 15 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 saying obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 greeting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can Hail a old greeting and a way tree rules 2 say speech: assert gerund a way not said here hello someone vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hello=Topic to someone=Recipient
Example 1 Hail bounced off the car roof like little marbles.
acl case det compound obl case amod obl punct root Hail NOUN bounced VERB off ADP the DET car NOUN roof NOUN like ADP little ADJ marbles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hail hail NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 bounced bounce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Hail acl 3 off off ADP _ 6 roof case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 roof det 5 car car NOUN Number=Sing 6 roof compound 6 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 2 bounced obl 7 like like ADP _ 9 marbles case 8 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 9 marbles amod 9 marbles marble NOUN Number=Plur 2 bounced obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hail punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bounce off participle Hail not said here the car roof like little marbles vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Agent
Example 2 The hailstones were as big as peas.
det nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root The DET hailstones NOUN were AUX as ADV big ADJ as ADP peas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hailstones det 2 hailstones hailstone NOUN Number=Plur 5 big nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 big cop 4 as as ADV _ 5 big advmod 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 as as ADP _ 7 peas case 7 peas pea NOUN Number=Plur 5 big obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 big punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the hailstones as peas; big property tree rules
Example 3 We ran into the shed when the hail started.
nsubj case det obl advmod det nsubj parataxis punct root We PRON ran VERB into ADP the DET shed NOUN when ADV the DET hail NOUN started VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 5 shed case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shed det 5 shed shed NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 started advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hail det 8 hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 9 started nsubj 9 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 ran parataxis 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past We the shed vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into shed=Destination 2 start past the hail vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 4 Dad stood on the corner and hailed a taxi.
nsubj case det obl cc conj det obj punct root Dad NOUN stood VERB on ADP the DET corner NOUN and CCONJ hailed VERB a DET taxi NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 stood nsubj 2 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 corner case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 corner det 5 corner corner NOUN Number=Sing 2 stood obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 hailed cc 7 hailed hail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 stood conj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 taxi det 9 taxi taxi NOUN Number=Sing 7 hailed obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past Dad the corner vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on corner=Location 2 hail past Dad not said here a taxi vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent taxi=Theme
Example 5 The captain hailed the other ship.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET captain NOUN hailed VERB the DET other ADJ ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 captain det 2 captain captain NOUN Number=Sing 3 hailed nsubj 3 hailed hail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ship det 5 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ship amod 6 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 3 hailed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 hailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hail past the captain the other ship vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme
Example 6 The new goalkeeper was hailed as a hero after the save.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case det obl punct root The DET new ADJ goalkeeper NOUN was AUX hailed VERB as ADP a DET hero NOUN after ADP the DET save NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 goalkeeper det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 goalkeeper amod 3 goalkeeper goalkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 5 hailed nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 hailed aux:pass 5 hailed hail VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 as as ADP _ 8 hero case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hero det 8 hero hero NOUN Number=Sing 5 hailed obl 9 after after ADP _ 11 save case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 save det 11 save save NOUN Number=Sing 5 hailed obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 hailed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hail past · passive the new goalkeeper after the save as a hero vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme as hero=Attribute
Example 7 The farmer's crops were flattened by a hailstorm.
det nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET farmer NOUN 's PART crops NOUN were AUX flattened VERB by ADP a DET hailstorm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 4 crops nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 farmer case 4 crops crop NOUN Number=Plur 6 flattened nsubj:pass 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 flattened aux:pass 6 flattened flatten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 by by ADP _ 9 hailstorm case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hailstorm det 9 hailstorm hailstorm NOUN Number=Sing 6 flattened obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 flattened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flatten past · passive a hailstorm the farmer's crops vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
Example 8 My grandad hails from a small town in Scotland.
nmod:poss nsubj case det amod obl case nmod punct root My PRON grandad NOUN hails VERB from ADP a DET small ADJ town NOUN in ADP Scotland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 grandad nmod:poss 2 grandad grandad NOUN Number=Sing 3 hails nsubj 3 hails hail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 7 town case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 town det 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 town amod 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 hails obl 8 in in ADP _ 9 Scotland case 9 Scotland Scotland PROPN Number=Sing 7 town nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 hails punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hail present My grandad a small town in Scotland vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 9 A hail of acorns fell when the wind shook the tree.
det nsubj case nmod mark det nsubj advcl det obj punct root A DET hail NOUN of ADP acorns NOUN fell VERB when SCONJ the DET wind NOUN shook VERB the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hail det 2 hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 5 fell nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 acorns case 4 acorns acorn NOUN Number=Plur 2 hail nmod 5 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 when when SCONJ _ 9 shook mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 wind det 8 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 9 shook nsubj 9 shook shake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 fell advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 tree det 11 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 9 shook obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past a hail of acorns vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 shake past the wind the tree vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent tree=Patient 3 hail acorns nom hail «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent
Example 10 "Hail, fair maiden!" says the hunter.
punct nsubj punct amod appos punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT Hail NOUN , PUNCT fair ADJ maiden NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT says VERB the DET hunter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Hail punct 2 Hail hail NOUN Number=Sing 8 says nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 maiden punct 4 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 5 maiden amod 5 maiden maiden NOUN Number=Sing 2 Hail appos 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 maiden punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 maiden punct 8 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 hunter det 10 hunter hunter NOUN Number=Sing 8 says obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Hail the hunter vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hunter=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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