halberd

Who acts: guards, guard, Swiss Guard, Soldiers, halberd, We · What happens: use, carry, hold, march down, chop, stab · To what, where: old weapon, 1300s, ceremonial weapon, Vatican, long halberd, halberds

«halberd» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: halberd in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

An old weapon used from about the 1300s to the 1600s: a long wooden pole with an axe blade, a sharp spike on top and often a hook at the back.

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 weapon	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 weapon	amod
3	weapon	weapon	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 pole	nsubj
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 weapon	acl
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 1300s	case
6	about	about	ADV	_	8 1300s	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 1300s	det
8	1300s	1300	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	4 used	obl
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 1600s	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 1600s	det
11	1600s	1600	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	8 1300s	nmod
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 pole	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 pole	det
14	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 pole	amod
15	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 pole	amod
16	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
17	with	with	ADP	_	20 blade	case
18	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 blade	det
19	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 blade	compound
20	blade	blade	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 pole	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 spike	punct
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 spike	det
23	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 spike	amod
24	spike	spike	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 pole	conj
25	on	on	ADP	_	26 top	case
26	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 spike	nmod
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 hook	cc
28	often	often	ADV	_	30 hook	advmod
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 hook	det
30	hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 spike	conj
31	at	at	ADP	_	33 back	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 back	det
33	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 hook	nmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 pole	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle		a old weapon not said here		the 1300s to the 1600s			vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Today a ceremonial weapon carried by some guards, for example the Swiss Guard at the Vatican.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obl:unmarked
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 weapon	det
3	ceremonial	ceremonial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 weapon	amod
4	weapon	weapon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carried	nsubj:pass
5	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 guards	case
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	8 guards	det
8	guards	guard	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 carried	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 example	punct
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 example	case
11	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Guard	det
13	Swiss	Swiss	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Guard	compound
14	Guard	Guard	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obl:unmarked
15	at	at	ADP	_	17 Vatican	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Vatican	det
17	Vatican	Vatican	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 carried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	participle · passive	some guards	a ceremonial weapon		the Vatican	today	for example; the Swiss Guard obl:unmarked	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Example 1

The guard at the castle gate held a long halberd.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 guard	det
2	guard	guard	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	6 gate	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 gate	det
5	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gate	compound
6	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 guard	nmod
7	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 halberd	det
9	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 halberd	amod
10	halberd	halberd	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 held	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	past	the guard at the castle gate	a long halberd					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent halberd=Theme

Example 2

The Swiss Guard still carry halberds at the Vatican.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Guard	det
2	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Guard	amod
3	Guard	Guard	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 carry	nsubj
4	still	still	ADV	_	5 carry	advmod
5	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	halberds	halberd	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 carry	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 Vatican	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Vatican	det
9	Vatican	Vatican	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 carry	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 carry	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	the Swiss Guard	halberds		the Vatican	still		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent halberd=Theme

Example 3

Soldiers with halberds marched Toad down to the dungeon.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 marched	nsubj
2	with	with	ADP	_	3 halberds	case
3	halberds	halberd	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Soldiers	nmod
4	marched	march	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 marched	obj
6	down	down	ADV	_	4 marched	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 dungeon	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dungeon	det
9	dungeon	dungeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 marched	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 marched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	march down	past	Soldiers with halberds	Toad		the dungeon		down property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent toad=Theme to dungeon=Trajectory

Example 4

A halberd could chop, stab and hook a rider off his horse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 halberd	det
2	halberd	halberd	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chop	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 chop	aux
4	chop	chop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 stab	punct
6	stab	stab	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 chop	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 hook	cc
8	hook	hook	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 stab	conj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 rider	det
10	rider	rider	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hook	obj
11	off	off	ADP	_	13 horse	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 horse	nmod:poss
13	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hook	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 chop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	chop	could	a halberd			vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	stab	infinitive	a halberd not said here			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	hook	infinitive	a halberd not said here	a rider	off halberd's horse	vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rider=Theme off horse=Destination

Example 5

We saw a rusty halberd in the museum.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 halberd	det
4	rusty	rusty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 halberd	amod
5	halberd	halberd	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 saw	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 museum	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 museum	det
8	museum	museum	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 halberd	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	We	a rusty halberd		the museum			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer halberd=Stimulus

Example 6

The knight ducked under the halberd's blade.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 knight	det
2	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	ducked	duck	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 knight	acl
4	under	under	ADP	_	8 blade	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 halberd	det
6	halberd	halberd	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 blade	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 halberd	case
8	blade	blade	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ducked	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 knight	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	duck	participle		the knight not said here		the halberd's blade			vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Example 7

He could even see soldiers walking about with halberds.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 see	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 see	aux
3	even	even	ADV	_	4 see	advmod
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 see	obj
6	walking	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 soldiers	acl
7	about	about	ADV	_	6 walking	advmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 halberds	case
9	halberds	halberd	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 walking	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	could	He	soldiers					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer soldier=Stimulus
2	walk	gerund	soldiers not said here					with halberds; about property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/halberd/