hark
Who acts: Hark, wind · What happens: be, listen, hark, mean, rise · To what, where: call, it, bell, sea · Speech: someone speaks here
«hark» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hark in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.
«Hark!» is a call to listen.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hark | punct |
| 2 | Hark | Hark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 call | nsubj |
| 3 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hark | punct |
| 4 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hark | punct |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 call | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 call | det |
| 7 | call | call | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 listen | mark |
| 9 | listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 call | acl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 call | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Hark | a call | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | listen | to-infinitive | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
To hark to something means to listen carefully to it.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 hark | mark |
| 2 | hark | hark | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 means | csubj |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 something | case |
| 4 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 2 hark | obl |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 listen | mark |
| 7 | listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 means | xcomp |
| 8 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 7 listen | advmod |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 it | case |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 listen | obl |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hark | to-infinitive | to something | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | listen not said to happen | to-infinitive | it | carefully property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to it=Theme |
Example 1
Hark! Is that a bell?
Sentence 1: Hark!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hark | Hark | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 1 Hark | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: Is that a bell?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bell | cop |
| 2 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 4 bell | mark |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 bell | det |
| 4 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 bell | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a bell | tree rules |
Example 2
Hark to the wind rising over the sea!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hark | Hark | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 wind | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 wind | det |
| 4 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Hark | nmod |
| 5 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 wind | acl |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 8 sea | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 sea | det |
| 8 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rising | obl |
| 9 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 1 Hark | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | gerund | the wind not said here | the sea | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over sea=Location |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hark/