heap Who acts: heap, Heaps, He, Two heaps, She, clothes · What happens: be, mean, heap, fill, move, have · To what, where: big untidy pile, lot, pile, something, 15 stones, heap
«heap» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: heap in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A heap is a big untidy pile of things on top of each other.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case nmod case nmod case nmod fixed punct root A DET heap NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ untidy ADJ pile NOUN of ADP things NOUN on ADP top NOUN of ADP each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 heap det 2 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing 7 pile nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pile cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pile det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pile amod 6 untidy untidy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pile amod 7 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 things case 9 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 pile nmod 10 on on ADP _ 11 top case 11 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 things nmod 12 of of ADP _ 13 each case 13 each each DET PronType=Tot 11 top nmod 14 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 13 each fixed 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 pile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a heap a big untidy pile of things on top of each tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Heaps of something means a lot of it (informal, very common in Australia and New Zealand).
The tree, 16 words nsubj case nmod det obj case nmod punct parataxis punct advmod conj case obl cc flat conj punct punct root Heaps NOUN of ADP something PRON means VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP it PRON ( PUNCT informal ADJ , PUNCT very ADV common ADJ in ADP Australia PROPN and CCONJ New PROPN Zealand PROPN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Heaps heap NOUN Number=Plur 4 means nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 something case 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Heaps nmod 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lot det 6 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 4 means obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 it case 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 lot nmod 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 informal punct 10 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 means parataxis 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 common punct 12 very very ADV _ 13 common advmod 13 common common ADJ Degree=Pos 10 informal conj 14 in in ADP _ 15 Australia case 15 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 13 common obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 Zealand cc 17 New New PROPN Number=Sing 18 Zealand flat 18 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 15 Australia conj 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 10 informal punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Heaps of something a lot of lot vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic
Meaning 3 To heap is to put things in a pile, or to fill something with a lot, like a heaped spoon.
The tree, 20 words mark csubj cop mark obj case det obl punct cc mark conj obj case det obl punct case det amod conj punct root To PART heap VERB is AUX to PART put VERB things NOUN in ADP a DET pile NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART fill VERB something PRON with ADP a DET lot NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET heaped VERB spoon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 heap mark 2 heap heap VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 put csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 put cop 4 to to PART _ 5 put mark 5 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 put obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 pile case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 pile det 9 pile pile NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 fill punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 fill cc 12 to to PART _ 13 fill mark 13 fill fill VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 put conj 14 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 fill obj 15 with with ADP _ 17 lot case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 lot det 17 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 13 fill obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 spoon punct 19 like like ADP _ 22 spoon case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 spoon det 21 heaped heap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 22 spoon amod 22 spoon spoon NOUN Number=Sing 13 fill conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heap to-infinitive vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 is present a pile put property tree rules 3 fill to-infinitive something with a lot vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent something=Patient with lot=Instrument 4 heap participle vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 1 There is a heap of 40 stones.
expl det nsubj case nummod nmod punct root There PRON is VERB a DET heap NOUN of ADP 40 NUM stones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 heap det 4 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 7 stones case 6 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 stones nummod 7 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 4 heap nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a heap of 40 stones there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 He moved 15 stones from the heap.
nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root He PRON moved VERB 15 NUM stones NOUN from ADP the DET heap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 moved nsubj 2 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 stones nummod 4 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 2 moved obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 heap case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 heap det 7 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing 2 moved obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 moved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move past He 15 stones the heap vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent stone=Theme from heap=Trajectory
Example 3 Two heaps have 25 and 30 apples.
nummod nsubj nummod cc conj obj punct root Two NUM heaps NOUN have VERB 25 NUM and CCONJ 30 NUM apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 heaps nummod 2 heaps heap NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 25 25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 apples nummod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 30 cc 6 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 25 conj 7 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Two heaps 25 apples vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient
Example 4 She heaps 3 more spoons of sugar.
nsubj nummod amod obj case nmod punct root She PRON heaps VERB 3 NUM more ADJ spoons NOUN of ADP sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 heaps nsubj 2 heaps heap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 spoons nummod 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 spoons amod 5 spoons spoon NOUN Number=Plur 2 heaps obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 sugar case 7 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 5 spoons nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 heaps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heap present She 3 more spoons of sugar vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent spoon=Theme
Example 5 My clothes were in a heap on the floor.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case det case det nmod punct root My PRON clothes NOUN were AUX in ADP a DET heap NOUN on ADP the DET floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 clothes nmod:poss 2 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 6 heap nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 heap cop 4 in in ADP _ 6 heap case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 heap det 6 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 floor case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 floor det 9 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 6 heap nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 heap punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past My clothes a heap on the floor tree rules
Example 6 We put the leaves on the compost heap.
nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON put VERB the DET leaves NOUN on ADP the DET compost NOUN heap NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 leaves det 4 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 heap case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 heap det 7 compost compost NOUN Number=Sing 8 heap compound 8 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past We the leaves the compost heap vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme on heap=Destination
Example 7 Thanks heaps for your help!
compound case nmod:poss nmod punct root Thanks NOUN heaps NOUN for ADP your PRON help NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thanks thanks NOUN Number=Sing 2 heaps compound 2 heaps heap NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 help case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 help nmod:poss 5 help help NOUN Number=Sing 2 heaps nmod 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 heaps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help your nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 The dog jumped into the heap of leaves.
det nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root The DET dog NOUN jumped VERB into ADP the DET heap NOUN of ADP leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 jumped nsubj 3 jumped jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 heap case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 heap det 6 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing 3 jumped obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 leaves case 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 6 heap nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 jumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump past the dog into the heap of leaves result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into heap=Result
Example 9 They divided the money into three heaps.
nsubj det obj case nummod obl punct root They PRON divided VERB the DET money NOUN into ADP three NUM heaps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 divided nsubj 2 divided divide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 money det 4 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 divided obj 5 into into ADP _ 7 heaps case 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 heaps nummod 7 heaps heap NOUN Number=Plur 2 divided obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 divided punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 divide past They the money three heaps vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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