hear Who acts: I, you, judge, cars, We, Bats · What happens: notice, tell, listen, hear, win, have · To what, where: sounds, news, bird, case, rain, roof · Speech: someone speaks here
«hear» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hear in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To notice sounds with your ears.
mark obj case nmod:poss obl punct root To PART notice VERB sounds NOUN with ADP your PRON ears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 notice mark 2 notice notice VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 2 notice obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 ears case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 ears nmod:poss 6 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 2 notice obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 notice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 notice to-infinitive sounds with your ears vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"I hear a bird."
punct nsubj det obj punct punct root " PUNCT I PRON hear VERB a DET bird NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 hear punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 hear nsubj 3 hear hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bird det 5 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 3 hear obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 hear punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 hear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear in a quote present I a bird vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus
Meaning 2 To be told news.
mark aux:pass obj punct root To PART be AUX told VERB news NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 told mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 told aux:pass 3 told tell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 news news NOUN Number=Sing 3 told obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert to-infinitive · passive news vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: news=Recipient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"I heard you won!"
punct nsubj nsubj ccomp punct punct root " PUNCT I PRON heard VERB you PRON won VERB ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 heard punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 heard nsubj 3 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 won nsubj 5 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 heard ccomp 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 heard punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear in a quote past I vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 win in a quote past you vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To listen to something formally.
mark case obl advmod punct root To PART listen VERB to ADP something PRON formally ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 listen mark 2 listen listen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 listen obl 5 formally formally ADV _ 2 listen advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 listen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 listen to-infinitive to something; formally property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to something=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"The judge heard the case."
punct det nsubj det obj punct punct root " PUNCT The DET judge NOUN heard VERB the DET case NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 heard punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 judge det 3 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 4 heard nsubj 4 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 case det 6 case case NOUN Number=Sing 4 heard obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 heard punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear in a quote past the judge the case vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer case=Stimulus
Example 1 I can hear the rain on the roof.
nsubj aux det obj case det obl punct root I PRON can AUX hear VERB the DET rain NOUN on ADP the DET roof NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 hear nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 hear aux 3 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 rain det 5 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 hear obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 roof case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 roof det 8 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 3 hear obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 hear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear can I the rain the roof vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer rain=Stimulus
Example 2 Did you hear the bell?
aux nsubj det obj punct root Did AUX you PRON hear VERB the DET bell NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 hear aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 hear nsubj 3 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bell det 5 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 3 hear obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 hear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past · do-support you the bell vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bell=Stimulus
Example 3 I heard that you have a new puppy.
nsubj mark nsubj ccomp det amod obj punct root I PRON heard VERB that SCONJ you PRON have VERB a DET new ADJ puppy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 5 have mark 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 have nsubj 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 heard ccomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 puppy det 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 puppy amod 8 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past I vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 have present you a new puppy vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Patient
Example 4 Listen to hear cars coming.
mark advcl obj acl punct root Listen VERB to PART hear VERB cars NOUN coming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Listen listen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 to to PART _ 3 hear mark 3 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Listen advcl 4 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 3 hear obj 5 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 cars acl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Listen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 listen imperative you not said here vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 hear to-infinitive you not said here cars vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer car=Stimulus 3 come gerund cars not said here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 We haven't heard from Grandma.
nsubj aux advmod case obl punct root We PRON have AUX n't PART heard VERB from ADP Grandma PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 heard nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 heard aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 heard advmod 4 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 Grandma case 6 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 4 heard obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not hear present · perfect We from Grandma vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from grandma=Source
Example 6 Speak up, I can't hear you.
compound:prt punct nsubj aux advmod conj obj punct root Speak VERB up ADP , PUNCT I PRON ca AUX n't PART hear VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speak speak VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Speak compound:prt 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 hear punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 hear nsubj 5 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 hear aux 6 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 7 hear advmod 7 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Speak conj 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 hear obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak up speech: other imperative you not said here vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not hear can I you vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus
Example 7 Bats hear very high sounds.
nsubj advmod amod obj punct root Bats NOUN hear VERB very ADV high ADJ sounds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 hear nsubj 2 hear hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 high advmod 4 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sounds amod 5 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 2 hear obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 hear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear present Bats high sounds vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus
Example 8 Have you heard of this book?
aux nsubj case det obl punct root Have AUX you PRON heard VERB of ADP this DET book NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 heard aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 heard nsubj 3 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 book case 5 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 book det 6 book book NOUN Number=Sing 3 heard obl 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear present · perfect you of this book vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of book=Stimulus
Example 9 I think I hear her too.”
nsubj nsubj ccomp obj advmod punct punct root I PRON think VERB I PRON hear VERB her PRON too ADV . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 think nsubj 2 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 hear nsubj 4 hear hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 think ccomp 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 hear obj 6 too too ADV _ 4 hear advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 think punct 8 ” " PUNCT _ 2 think punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other present I vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 hear present I her = she vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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