hearer

Who acts: person, storyteller, hearers, good speaker, hearer, Bible · What happens: hear, listen, oppose, hold, spellbind, think · To what, where: linguistics, doers, joke, turns, conversation, one · Speech: someone speaks here

«hearer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hearer in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A person who hears or listens to something, especially a speech, a story or a sermon.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 hears	nsubj
4	hears	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 person	acl:relcl
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 listens	cc
6	listens	listen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hears	conj
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 something	case
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 listens	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 speech	punct
10	especially	especially	ADV	_	12 speech	advmod
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 speech	det
12	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 something	appos
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 story	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 story	det
15	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 speech	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 sermon	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 sermon	det
18	sermon	sermon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 speech	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present	a person						vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
2	listen	present	a person not said here					to something	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to something=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: language — kept apart, not parsed.

In linguistics, the listener in a conversation, as opposed to the speaker.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 linguistics	case
2	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 opposed	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 listener	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 listener	det
5	listener	listener	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 linguistics	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 conversation	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 conversation	det
8	conversation	conversation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 listener	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 linguistics	punct
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 opposed	mark
11	opposed	oppose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 speaker	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 speaker	det
14	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 opposed	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 opposed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oppose	participle				linguistics and the listener in a conversation		to the speaker	vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Example 1

The storyteller held all her hearers spellbound.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 storyteller	det
2	storyteller	storyteller	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 held	nsubj
3	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	ADV	_	7 spellbound	advmod
5	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 hearers	nmod:poss
6	hearers	hearer	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 spellbound	nsubj
7	spellbound	spellbind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 held	advcl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 held	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	past	the storyteller						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	spellbind	past	storyteller's hearers					all property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Example 2

A good speaker thinks about what the hearer needs to know.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 speaker	det
2	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 speaker	amod
3	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thinks	nsubj
4	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	6 what	case
6	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 thinks	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hearer	det
8	hearer	hearer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 needs	nsubj
9	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 what	acl:relcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 know	mark
11	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 needs	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 thinks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	a good speaker	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about what=Topic
2	need	present	the hearer	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	know not said to happen	to-infinitive	the hearer not said here	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Example 3

The Bible says to be «doers of the word, and not hearers only».

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Bible	det
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	7 doers	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 doers	cop
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 doers	punct
7	doers	doer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 says	ccomp
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 word	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 word	det
10	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 doers	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hearers	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 hearers	cc
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 hearers	advmod
14	hearers	hearer	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 doers	appos
15	only	only	ADV	_	14 hearers	advmod
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 hearers	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the Bible						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	to-infinitive		doers				of the word	tree rules

Example 4

Every hearer laughed at the joke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 hearer	det
2	hearer	hearer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 laughed	nsubj
3	laughed	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 joke	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 joke	det
6	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 laughed	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 laughed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	past	every hearer			the joke			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 5

In a conversation, the hearer and speaker take turns.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 conversation	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 conversation	det
3	conversation	conversation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 take	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 conversation	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hearer	det
6	hearer	hearer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 take	nsubj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 speaker	cc
8	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hearer	conj
9	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	turns	turn	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 take	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	the hearer and speaker	turns		a conversation			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent turn=Value in conversation=Location

Example 6

"No need of witnesses," said one of the hearers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct
2	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 need	det
3	need	need	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 witnesses	case
5	witnesses	witness	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 need	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 need	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 need	punct
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 said	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 hearers	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 hearers	det
12	hearers	hearer	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 one	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	no need of witnesses	one of the hearers					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent one=Topic
2	need in a quote			witnesses					nom need «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hearer/