hearsay Who acts: you, Things, someone, witness, That, nobody · What happens: hear, not know, be, say, see, not allow · To what, where: Things, themselves, witness, hearsay, story, fact · Speech: someone speaks here
«hearsay» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hearsay in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Things you have heard from other people but do not know are true; rumour.
The tree, 14 words nsubj nsubj aux acl:relcl case amod obl cc aux advmod conj cop punct conj punct root Things NOUN you PRON have AUX heard VERB from ADP other ADJ people NOUN but CCONJ do AUX not PART know VERB are AUX true ADJ ; PUNCT rumour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Things thing NOUN Number=Plur 13 true nsubj 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 heard nsubj 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 heard aux 4 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 1 Things acl:relcl 5 from from ADP _ 7 people case 6 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 people amod 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 heard obl 8 but but CCONJ _ 11 know cc 9 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 know aux 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 know advmod 11 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 heard conj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 true cop 13 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 rumour punct 15 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 13 true conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 13 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear present · perfect you Things not said here from other people vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent thing=Topic from people=Source 2 not know present · do-support you not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present Things true property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
Evidence in court about what someone else said, not what the witness saw themselves; it is often not allowed.
The tree, 19 words case nmod case nmod nsubj advmod acl:relcl punct advmod ccomp det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advmod conj punct root Evidence NOUN in ADP court NOUN about ADP what PRON someone PRON else ADV said VERB , PUNCT not PART what PRON the DET witness NOUN saw VERB themselves PRON ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX often ADV not PART allowed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 in in ADP _ 3 court case 3 court court NOUN Number=Sing 1 Evidence nmod 4 about about ADP _ 5 what case 5 what what PRON PronType=Rel 3 court nmod 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 said nsubj 7 else else ADV _ 6 someone advmod 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 what acl:relcl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 what punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 what advmod 11 what what PRON PronType=Int 8 said ccomp 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 witness det 13 witness witness NOUN Number=Sing 14 saw nsubj 14 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 what acl:relcl 15 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 14 saw obj 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 allowed punct 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 allowed nsubj:pass 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 allowed aux:pass 19 often often ADV _ 21 allowed advmod 20 not not PART Polarity=Neg 21 allowed advmod 21 allowed allow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 said conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 1 Evidence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past someone vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 see past the witness themselves = they vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus 3 not allow present · passive witness often property vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
Example 1 That's just hearsay, nobody actually saw it.
nsubj cop advmod punct nsubj advmod acl:relcl obj punct root That PRON 's AUX just ADV hearsay NOUN , PUNCT nobody PRON actually ADV saw VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 hearsay nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hearsay cop 3 just just ADV _ 4 hearsay advmod 4 hearsay hearsay NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 saw punct 6 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 8 saw nsubj 7 actually actually ADV _ 8 saw advmod 8 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 hearsay acl:relcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 saw obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 hearsay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present That hearsay tree rules 2 see past nobody hearsay actually property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Example 2 You shouldn't believe hearsay about people.
nsubj aux advmod obj case nmod punct root You PRON should AUX n't PART believe VERB hearsay NOUN about ADP people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 believe nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 believe aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 believe advmod 4 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 hearsay hearsay NOUN Number=Sing 4 believe obj 6 about about ADP _ 7 people case 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 hearsay nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not believe should You hearsay about people vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hearsay=Stimulus
Example 3 The judge said the statement was hearsay.
det nsubj det nsubj cop ccomp punct root The DET judge NOUN said VERB the DET statement NOUN was AUX hearsay ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 judge det 2 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 statement det 5 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing 7 hearsay nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 hearsay cop 7 hearsay hearsay ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the judge vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is past the statement hearsay property tree rules
Example 4 The story spread round school by hearsay.
det acl case obl case obl punct root The DET story NOUN spread VERB round ADP school NOUN by ADP hearsay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 story det 2 story story NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 spread spread VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 story acl 4 round round ADP _ 5 school case 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread obl 6 by by ADP _ 7 hearsay case 7 hearsay hearsay NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 story punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread participle the story not said here round school; by hearsay vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by hearsay=Location
Example 5 Is this a fact or just hearsay?
cop nsubj det cc advmod conj punct root Is AUX this PRON a DET fact NOUN or CCONJ just ADV hearsay NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fact cop 2 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 fact nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 fact det 4 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 hearsay cc 6 just just ADV _ 7 hearsay advmod 7 hearsay hearsay NOUN Number=Sing 4 fact conj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 fact punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present this a fact or hearsay tree rules
Example 6 Good journalists check facts instead of printing hearsay.
amod nsubj obj case fixed compound obl punct root Good ADJ journalists NOUN check VERB facts NOUN instead ADV of ADP printing NOUN hearsay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 2 journalists amod 2 journalists journalist NOUN Number=Plur 3 check nsubj 3 check check VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 3 check obj 5 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 8 hearsay case 6 of of ADP _ 5 instead fixed 7 printing printing NOUN Number=Sing 8 hearsay compound 8 hearsay hearsay NOUN Number=Sing 3 check obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check present Good journalists facts instead printing hearsay vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous hearkennext → hearse↑ back to H in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hearsay/