hedge Who acts: hedge, small trees, your, We, Hedgehogs, ball · What happens: be, grow, form, hedge, mean, avoid · To what, where: row, living fence, clear answer, bets, yourself, one option · Speech: someone speaks here
«hedge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hedge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees growing close together, forming a living fence.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det case nmod cc amod conj acl advmod advmod punct conj det compound obj punct root A DET hedge NOUN is AUX a DET row NOUN of ADP bushes NOUN or CCONJ small ADJ trees NOUN growing VERB close ADV together ADV , PUNCT forming VERB a DET living NOUN fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hedge det 2 hedge hedge NOUN Number=Sing 5 row nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 row cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 row det 5 row row NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 bushes case 7 bushes bush NOUN Number=Plur 5 row nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 trees cc 9 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 10 trees amod 10 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 7 bushes conj 11 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 trees acl 12 close close ADV Degree=Pos 11 growing advmod 13 together together ADV _ 11 growing advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 forming punct 15 forming form VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 growing conj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 fence det 17 living living NOUN Number=Sing 18 fence compound 18 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 15 forming obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 row punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hedge a row of bushes or small trees tree rules 2 grow gerund small trees not said here close, together property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 form gerund small trees not said here a living fence vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fence=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To hedge means to avoid giving a clear answer.
mark csubj mark xcomp xcomp det amod obj punct root To PART hedge VERB means VERB to PART avoid VERB giving VERB a DET clear ADJ answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hedge mark 2 hedge hedge VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 avoid mark 5 avoid avoid VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 avoid xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 answer det 8 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 9 answer amod 9 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 6 giving obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hedge to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 avoid not said to happen to-infinitive vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 4 give gerund a clear answer vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme
Meaning 3 To hedge your bets means to protect yourself by choosing more than one option.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj nmod:poss obj mark xcomp obj mark advcl advmod fixed nummod obj punct root To PART hedge VERB your PRON bets NOUN means VERB to PART protect VERB yourself PRON by SCONJ choosing VERB more ADJ than ADP one NUM option NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hedge mark 2 hedge hedge VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bets nmod:poss 4 bets bet NOUN Number=Plur 2 hedge obj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 protect mark 7 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 7 protect obj 9 by by SCONJ _ 10 choosing mark 10 choosing choose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 protect advcl 11 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV 13 one advmod 12 than than ADP _ 11 more fixed 13 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 option nummod 14 option option NOUN Number=Sing 10 choosing obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hedge to-infinitive your bets tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 protect not said to happen to-infinitive yourself vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary 4 choose gerund one option vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent option=Theme 5 bet your nom bet «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 We trimmed the hedge in the garden.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root We PRON trimmed VERB the DET hedge NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 trimmed nsubj 2 trimmed trim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 hedge det 4 hedge hedge NOUN Number=Sing 2 trimmed obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 garden case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 garden det 7 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 2 trimmed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 trimmed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trim past We the hedge in the garden vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent hedge=Destination in garden=Theme
Example 2 A blackbird nested in the hedge.
det acl case det obl punct root A DET blackbird NOUN nested VERB in ADP the DET hedge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 blackbird det 2 blackbird blackbird NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 nested nest VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 blackbird acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 hedge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hedge det 6 hedge hedge NOUN Number=Sing 3 nested obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 blackbird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nest participle a blackbird not said here the hedge vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Hedgehogs often live under hedges.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root Hedgehogs NOUN often ADV live VERB under ADP hedges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hedgehogs hedgehog NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 2 often often ADV _ 3 live advmod 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 under under ADP _ 5 hedges case 5 hedges hedge NOUN Number=Plur 3 live obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Hedgehogs hedges often property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under hedge=Location
Example 4 The ball went over the hedge into the neighbour's garden.
det nsubj case det obl case det nmod:poss case obl punct root The DET ball NOUN went VERB over ADP the DET hedge NOUN into ADP the DET neighbour NOUN 's PART garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 6 hedge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hedge det 6 hedge hedge NOUN Number=Sing 3 went obl 7 into into ADP _ 11 garden case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 neighbour det 9 neighbour neighbour NOUN Number=Sing 11 garden nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 neighbour case 11 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 3 went obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the ball the hedge into the neighbour's garden vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme over hedge=Initial_Location into garden=Destination
Example 5 The lane was lined with tall hedges.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root The DET lane NOUN was AUX lined VERB with ADP tall ADJ hedges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lane det 2 lane lane NOUN Number=Sing 4 lined nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 lined aux:pass 4 lined line VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 hedges case 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hedges amod 7 hedges hedge NOUN Number=Plur 4 lined obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 lined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 line past · passive the lane with tall hedges vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with hedge=Theme
Example 6 When asked who broke the vase, he hedged.
advmod advcl nsubj advcl det obj punct nsubj punct root When ADV asked VERB who PRON broke VERB the DET vase NOUN , PUNCT he PRON hedged VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 broke advmod 2 asked ask VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 broke advcl 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 broke nsubj 4 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 hedged advcl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 vase det 6 vase vase NOUN Number=Sing 4 broke obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 broke punct 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 hedged nsubj 9 hedged hedge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 hedged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask participle vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 break past the vase vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vase=Patient 3 hedge past he tree rules
Example 7 I hedged my bets and brought a coat and sunglasses.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj det obj cc conj punct root I PRON hedged VERB my PRON bets NOUN and CCONJ brought VERB a DET coat NOUN and CCONJ sunglasses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 hedged nsubj 2 hedged hedge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bets nmod:poss 4 bets bet NOUN Number=Plur 2 hedged obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 brought cc 6 brought bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 hedged conj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 coat det 8 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 6 brought obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 sunglasses cc 10 sunglasses sunglasses NOUN Number=Plur 8 coat conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 hedged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hedge past I my bets tree rules 2 bring past I not said here a coat and sunglasses vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent coat=Theme 3 bet my nom bet «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Hedgerows are homes for many animals.
nsubj cop case amod nmod punct root Hedgerows NOUN are AUX homes NOUN for ADP many ADJ animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hedgerows hedgerow NOUN Number=Plur 3 homes nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 homes cop 3 homes home NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 animals case 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 animals amod 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 3 homes nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 homes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Hedgerows homes for many animals tree rules
Example 9 The hedges of rose-bush were old, and the flowers were faded.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj case compound punct nmod cop punct cc det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root The DET hedges NOUN of ADP rose NOUN - PUNCT bush NOUN were AUX old ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET flowers NOUN were AUX faded VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hedges det 2 hedges hedge NOUN Number=Plur 8 old nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 bush case 4 rose rose NOUN Number=Sing 6 bush compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 rose punct 6 bush bush NOUN Number=Sing 2 hedges nmod 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 old cop 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 faded punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 14 faded cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 flowers det 12 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 14 faded nsubj:pass 13 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 faded aux:pass 14 faded fade VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 old conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 old punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the hedges of rose bush old property tree rules 2 fade past · passive the flowers vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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