helpless Who acts: Helpless, you, newborn baby, Baby birds, I, my · What happens: mean, look, do, change, stop, happen · To what, where: things, bad situation, something, laughter laughter, parents, kite
«helpless» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: helpless in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Helpless means not able to look after yourself or do things without help, like a newborn baby.
The tree, 17 words nsubj advmod xcomp mark xcomp case obl cc conj obj case obl punct case det amod obl punct root Helpless ADJ means VERB not PART able ADJ to PART look VERB after ADP yourself PRON or CCONJ do VERB things NOUN without ADP help NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET newborn ADJ baby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 able advmod 4 able able ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 to to PART _ 6 look mark 6 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 able xcomp 7 after after ADP _ 8 yourself case 8 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 6 look obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 do cc 10 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 look conj 11 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 10 do obj 12 without without ADP _ 13 help case 13 help help NOUN Number=Sing 10 do obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 baby punct 15 like like ADP _ 18 baby case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 baby det 17 newborn newborn ADJ Degree=Pos 18 baby amod 18 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 10 do obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Helpless able property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 look to-infinitive Helpless not said here after yourself vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 3 do infinitive Helpless not said here things without help; like a newborn baby vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Helpless means unable to change a bad situation or stop something happening.
nsubj xcomp mark xcomp det amod obj cc conj obj xcomp punct root Helpless ADJ means VERB unable ADJ to PART change VERB a DET bad ADJ situation NOUN or CCONJ stop VERB something PRON happening VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 unable unable ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 to to PART _ 5 change mark 5 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 unable xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 situation det 7 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 8 situation amod 8 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 stop cc 10 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 change conj 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 stop obj 12 happening happen VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 stop xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Helpless unable property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 change to-infinitive Helpless not said here a bad situation vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Patient 3 stop infinitive Helpless not said here something tree rules 4 happen gerund Helpless not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Helpless laughter is laughter you cannot stop.
amod compound cop nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root Helpless ADJ laughter NOUN is AUX laughter NOUN you PRON can AUX not PART stop VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 laughter amod 2 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing 4 laughter compound 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 laughter cop 4 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 stop nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 stop aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 stop advmod 8 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 laughter acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 laughter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present laughter laughter tree rules 2 not stop can you laughter laughter not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector laughter=Eventuality
Example 1 A newborn baby is completely helpless.
det amod nsubj cop advmod punct root A DET newborn ADJ baby NOUN is AUX completely ADV helpless ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 baby det 2 newborn newborn ADJ Degree=Pos 3 baby amod 3 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 6 helpless nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 helpless cop 5 completely completely ADV _ 6 helpless advmod 6 helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 helpless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a newborn baby completely, helpless property tree rules
Example 2 Baby birds are helpless and need their parents to feed them.
compound nsubj cop cc conj nmod:poss obj mark advcl obj punct root Baby NOUN birds NOUN are AUX helpless ADJ and CCONJ need VERB their PRON parents NOUN to PART feed VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 2 birds compound 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 4 helpless nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 helpless cop 4 helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 need cc 6 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 helpless conj 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 parents nmod:poss 8 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 6 need obj 9 to to PART _ 10 feed mark 10 feed feed VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 need advcl 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 feed obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 helpless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Baby birds helpless property tree rules 2 need present Baby birds not said here birds's parents vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot parent=Theme 3 feed to-infinitive Baby birds not said here parents = parent vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
Example 3 I felt helpless when I saw my kite stuck in the tree.
nsubj xcomp advmod nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj xcomp case det obl punct root I PRON felt VERB helpless ADJ when ADV I PRON saw VERB my PRON kite NOUN stuck ADJ in ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 felt xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 saw advmod 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 saw nsubj 6 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 felt advcl 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 kite nmod:poss 8 kite kite NOUN Number=Sing 6 saw obj 9 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos 6 saw xcomp 10 in in ADP _ 12 tree case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 tree det 12 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 9 stuck obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past I helpless property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 see past I my kite stuck property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kite=Stimulus 3 kite my nom kite «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The puppy lay helpless in the cold rain until we rescued it.
det nsubj xcomp case det amod obl mark nsubj advcl obj punct root The DET puppy NOUN lay VERB helpless ADJ in ADP the DET cold ADJ rain NOUN until SCONJ we PRON rescued VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 puppy det 2 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 3 lay nsubj 3 lay lie VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lay xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 8 rain case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 rain det 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rain amod 8 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 lay obl 9 until until SCONJ _ 11 rescued mark 10 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 rescued nsubj 11 rescued rescue VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lay advcl 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 rescued obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 lay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie past the puppy the cold rain helpless property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in rain=Location 2 rescue past we puppy vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 5 They were helpless with laughter at the funny film.
nsubj cop case obl case det amod obl punct root They PRON were AUX helpless ADJ with ADP laughter NOUN at ADP the DET funny ADJ film NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 helpless nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 helpless cop 3 helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 laughter case 5 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing 3 helpless obl 6 at at ADP _ 9 film case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 film det 8 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 9 film amod 9 film film NOUN Number=Sing 3 helpless obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 helpless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past They the funny film with laughter; helpless property tree rules
Example 6 Without its shell, a tortoise would be helpless.
case nmod:poss obl punct det nsubj aux cop punct root Without ADP its PRON shell NOUN , PUNCT a DET tortoise NOUN would AUX be AUX helpless ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Without without ADP _ 3 shell case 2 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 shell nmod:poss 3 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 9 helpless obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 shell punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 tortoise det 6 tortoise tortoise NOUN Number=Sing 9 helpless nsubj 7 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 helpless aux 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 helpless cop 9 helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 helpless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is would a tortoise without its shell; helpless property tree rules
Example 7 I have to look after my grandmother, who is very helpless.’
nsubj mark xcomp case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl punct punct root I PRON have VERB to PART look VERB after ADP my PRON grandmother NOUN , PUNCT who PRON is AUX very ADV helpless ADJ . PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 look mark 4 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 have xcomp 5 after after ADP _ 7 grandmother case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 grandmother nmod:poss 7 grandmother grandmother NOUN Number=Sing 4 look obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 helpless punct 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 12 helpless nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 helpless cop 11 very very ADV _ 12 helpless advmod 12 helpless helpless ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grandmother acl:relcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct 14 ’ ' PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I tree rules 2 look to-infinitive I not said here after my grandmother vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 3 is present my grandmother helpless property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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