helplessly Who acts: We, balloon, kitten, Toad, children, Alice · What happens: be, help, do, stop, laugh, watch · To what, where: yourself, anything, water, clown, Pool, weir · Speech: someone speaks here
«helplessly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: helplessly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Without being able to help yourself or do anything about a situation.
mark cop mark xcomp obj cc conj obj case det nmod punct root Without SCONJ being AUX able ADJ to PART help VERB yourself PRON or CCONJ do VERB anything PRON about ADP a DET situation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Without without SCONJ _ 3 able mark 2 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 able cop 3 able able ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 help mark 5 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 able xcomp 6 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 5 help obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 do cc 8 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 help conj 9 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 do obj 10 about about ADP _ 12 situation case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 situation det 12 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing 9 anything nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 able punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund able property tree rules 2 help to-infinitive yourself vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Beneficiary 3 do infinitive anything about a situation vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Without being able to stop, as in «laughed helplessly».
mark cop advcl mark punct mark mark punct parataxis advmod punct punct root Without SCONJ being AUX able ADJ to PART stop VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ « PUNCT laughed VERB helplessly ADV » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Without without SCONJ _ 3 able mark 2 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 able cop 3 able able ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stop advcl 4 to to PART _ 5 stop mark 5 stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 laughed punct 7 as as SCONJ _ 10 laughed mark 8 in in SCONJ _ 10 laughed mark 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 laughed punct 10 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 stop parataxis 11 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 10 laughed advmod 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 laughed punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund able property tree rules 2 stop to-infinitive vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 laugh in a quote past helplessly property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We watched helplessly as the balloon floated away.
nsubj advmod mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root We PRON watched VERB helplessly ADV as SCONJ the DET balloon NOUN floated VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 2 watched advmod 4 as as SCONJ _ 7 floated mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 balloon det 6 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 7 floated nsubj 7 floated float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 watched advcl 8 away away ADV _ 7 floated advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past We helplessly property vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 2 float away past the balloon away property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The kitten mewed helplessly at the top of the tree.
det nsubj advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET kitten NOUN mewed VERB helplessly ADV at ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kitten det 2 kitten kitten NOUN Number=Sing 3 mewed nsubj 3 mewed mew VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 3 mewed advmod 5 at at ADP _ 7 top case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 top det 7 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 mewed obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 tree case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tree det 10 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 7 top nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 mewed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mew past the kitten at the top of the tree; helplessly property vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at top=Stimulus
Example 3 Toad struggled helplessly in the water.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Toad PROPN struggled VERB helplessly ADV in ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toad Toad PROPN Number=Sing 2 struggled nsubj 2 struggled struggle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 2 struggled advmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 water case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 water det 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 struggled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 struggled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past Toad the water helplessly property vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The children laughed helplessly at the clown.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET children NOUN laughed VERB helplessly ADV at ADP the DET clown NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 laughed nsubj 3 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 3 laughed advmod 5 at at ADP _ 7 clown case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 clown det 7 clown clown NOUN Number=Sing 3 laughed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 laughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh past the children the clown helplessly property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Alice cried helplessly in the Pool of Tears.
nsubj advmod case det obl case nmod punct root Alice PROPN cried VERB helplessly ADV in ADP the DET Pool NOUN of ADP Tears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Alice Alice PROPN Number=Sing 2 cried nsubj 2 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 2 cried advmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 Pool case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Pool det 6 Pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 2 cried obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 Tears case 8 Tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 6 Pool nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 cried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past Alice the Pool of Tears helplessly property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pool=Location
Example 6 The boat drifted helplessly towards the weir.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET boat NOUN drifted VERB helplessly ADV towards ADP the DET weir NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 3 drifted nsubj 3 drifted drift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 3 drifted advmod 5 towards towards ADP _ 7 weir case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 weir det 7 weir weir NOUN Number=Sing 3 drifted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 drifted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drift past the boat the weir helplessly property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards weir=Destination
Example 7 “I can’t either,” cried Pinocchio; and his laughter turned to tears as he stumbled about helplessly.
The tree, 17 words punct nsubj parataxis advmod advmod punct punct obj punct cc nmod:poss nsubj conj case obl mark nsubj advcl advmod advmod punct root “ PUNCT I PRON ca AUX n’t PART either ADV , PUNCT ” PUNCT cried VERB Pinocchio PROPN ; PUNCT and CCONJ his PRON laughter NOUN turned VERB to ADP tears NOUN as SCONJ he PRON stumbled VERB about ADV helplessly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 8 cried punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 ca nsubj 3 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 cried parataxis 4 n’t not PART Polarity=Neg 3 ca advmod 5 either either ADV PronType=Ind 3 ca advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 ca punct 7 ” " PUNCT _ 3 ca punct 8 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 Pinocchio Pinocchio PROPN Number=Sing 8 cried obj 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 turned punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 turned cc 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 laughter nmod:poss 13 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing 14 turned nsubj 14 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 cried conj 15 to to ADP _ 16 tears case 16 tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 14 turned obl 17 as as SCONJ _ 19 stumbled mark 18 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 stumbled nsubj 19 stumbled stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 turned advcl 20 about about ADV _ 21 helplessly advmod 21 helplessly helplessly ADV _ 19 stumbled advmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 cried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express past Pinocchio vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 turn past Pinocchio's laughter tears vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to tear=Trajectory 3 stumble past laughter helplessly property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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