hesitation
Who acts: pause, She, I, your, he · What happens: do, be, open, see, speak, hesitate · To what, where: something, box, hesitation · Speech: someone speaks here
«hesitation» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hesitation in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
A pause before doing something, because you are unsure or afraid.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 pause | det |
| 2 | pause | pause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 unsure | nsubj |
| 3 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 4 doing | mark |
| 4 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 pause | acl |
| 5 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 4 doing | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 unsure | punct |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 unsure | mark |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 unsure | nsubj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 unsure | cop |
| 10 | unsure | unsure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 afraid | cc |
| 12 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 unsure | conj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 unsure | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | gerund | a pause not said here | something | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | is | present | a pause | unsure property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | a pause not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1
She opened the box without hesitation.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 opened | nsubj |
| 2 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 box | det |
| 4 | box | box | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 opened | obj |
| 5 | without | without | ADP | _ | 6 hesitation | case |
| 6 | hesitation | hesitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 opened | obl |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 opened | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | She | the box | without hesitation | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location box=Theme |
Example 2
I can see your hesitation; please speak.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 see | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 see | aux |
| 3 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 hesitation | nmod:poss |
| 5 | hesitation | hesitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 see | obj |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 speak | punct |
| 7 | please | please | INTJ | _ | 8 speak | discourse |
| 8 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 see | conj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 see | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | can | I | your hesitation | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hesitation=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | infinitive | I not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | hesitate | your | nom hesitation «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
Example 3
After a short hesitation, he jumped.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 4 hesitation | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 hesitation | det |
| 3 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hesitation | amod |
| 4 | hesitation | hesitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 jumped | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 hesitation | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 jumped | nsubj |
| 7 | jumped | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 jumped | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | jump | past | he | after a short hesitation | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hesitation/