hi Who acts: you, word, someone, I, Sam, teacher · What happens: be, say, meet, mean, give, shout · To what, where: friendly word, someone, hello, friendly greeting, them, attention · Speech: someone speaks here
«hi» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hi in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Hi is a friendly word you say when you meet someone. It means hello.
Sentence 1: Hi is a friendly word you say when you meet someone.
discourse cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Hi INTJ is AUX a DET friendly ADJ word NOUN you PRON say VERB when SCONJ you PRON meet VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 word discourse 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 word det 4 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 word amod 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 say nsubj 7 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word acl:relcl 8 when when SCONJ _ 10 meet mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 meet nsubj 10 meet meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 say advcl 11 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 meet obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a friendly word tree rules 2 say speech: assert present you a friendly word not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic 3 meet present you someone vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It means hello.
nsubj obj punct root It PRON means VERB hello NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hello hello NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present word hello vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hello=Topic
Meaning 2 «Say hi to» someone means give them a friendly greeting from you.
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj obj fixed punct nsubj ccomp iobj det amod obj case nmod punct root « PUNCT Say VERB hi INTJ to PART » PUNCT someone PRON means VERB give VERB them PRON a DET friendly ADJ greeting NOUN from ADP you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Say punct 2 Say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means nsubj 3 hi hi INTJ _ 2 Say obj 4 to to PART _ 2 Say fixed 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Say punct 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means ccomp 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 give iobj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 greeting det 11 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 12 greeting amod 12 greeting greeting NOUN Number=Sing 8 give obj 13 from from ADP _ 14 you case 14 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 greeting nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hi=Topic 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 give infinitive a friendly greeting them = they from you vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient greeting=Theme
Meaning 3 Hi can also be shouted to get someone's attention, as when calling people to hurry.
The tree, 16 words discourse aux advmod aux:pass mark advcl nmod:poss case obj punct mark mark advcl obj mark xcomp punct root Hi INTJ can AUX also ADV be AUX shouted VERB to PART get VERB someone PRON 's PART attention NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ when SCONJ calling VERB people NOUN to PART hurry VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 shouted discourse 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 shouted aux 3 also also ADV _ 5 shouted advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 shouted aux:pass 5 shouted shout VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to PART _ 7 get mark 7 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 shouted advcl 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 attention nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 someone case 10 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 7 get obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 calling punct 12 as as SCONJ _ 14 calling mark 13 when when SCONJ _ 14 calling mark 14 calling call VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 shouted advcl 15 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 calling obj 16 to to PART _ 17 hurry mark 17 hurry hurry VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 calling xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express can · passive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V» 2 get to-infinitive someone's attention vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus 3 call gerund people tree rules 4 hurry to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 attend someone nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Hi, I have 5 apples.
discourse punct nsubj nummod obj punct root Hi INTJ , PUNCT I PRON have VERB 5 NUM apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 4 have discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 have nsubj 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 apples nummod 6 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I 5 apples vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient
Example 2 Sam says hi to his friends.
nsubj discourse case nmod:poss obl punct root Sam PROPN says VERB hi INTJ to ADP his PRON friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hi hi INTJ _ 2 says discourse 4 to to ADP _ 6 friends case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 friends nmod:poss 6 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 2 says obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Sam Sam's friends vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to friend=Recipient
Example 3 «Hi», said the teacher.
punct discourse punct punct det obj punct root « PUNCT Hi INTJ » PUNCT , PUNCT said VERB the DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 said punct 2 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 said discourse 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Hi punct 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 said punct 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 teacher det 7 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 5 said obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the teacher vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Hi! How many sweets do you have?
Sentence 1: Hi!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ root root 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: How many sweets do you have?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ sweets NOUN do AUX you PRON have VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sweets amod 3 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 6 have nsubj 4 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 have aux 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · do-support many sweets vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Hi Grandma, how are you?
discourse vocative punct advmod cop punct root Hi INTJ Grandma PROPN , PUNCT how ADV are AUX you PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 2 Grandma discourse 2 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 6 you vocative 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 you punct 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 you advmod 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 you cop 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 you punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present you Grandma vocative tree rules
Example 6 Say hi to your mum for me.
obj case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct root Say VERB hi NOUN to ADP your PRON mum NOUN for ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 hi hi NOUN _ 1 Say obj 3 to to ADP _ 5 mum case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 mum nmod:poss 5 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 1 Say obl 6 for for ADP _ 7 me case 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 mum nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert imperative you not said here hi your mum for me vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hi=Topic to mum=Recipient
Example 7 Hi there, can I help you?
discourse advmod punct aux nsubj obj punct root Hi INTJ there ADV , PUNCT can AUX I PRON help VERB you PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 6 help discourse 2 there there ADV PronType=Dem 1 Hi advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 help aux 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 help nsubj 6 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 help obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help can I you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary
Example 8 She waved and called «Hi!» across the playground.
nsubj cc conj punct parataxis punct punct case det obl punct root She PRON waved VERB and CCONJ called VERB « PUNCT Hi INTJ ! PUNCT » PUNCT across ADP the DET playground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 waved nsubj 2 waved wave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 called cc 4 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 waved conj 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 Hi punct 6 Hi hi INTJ _ 4 called parataxis 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 Hi punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 6 Hi punct 9 across across ADP _ 11 playground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 playground det 11 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 4 called obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 waved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wave past She vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 call speech: assert past She not said here the playground vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 9 Hi! comrades, make haste! make haste!’
discourse punct vocative punct obj punct xcomp obj punct punct root Hi INTJ ! PUNCT comrades NOUN , PUNCT make VERB haste NOUN ! PUNCT make VERB haste NOUN ! PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hi hi INTJ _ 5 make discourse 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 3 comrades comrade NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hi vocative 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hi punct 5 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 haste haste NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 make punct 8 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make xcomp 9 haste haste NOUN Number=Sing 8 make obj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 make punct 11 ’ ' PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make imperative you not said here haste tree rules 2 make infinitive haste not said here haste vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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